A cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays detected by fermi in the cygnus superbubble

M. Ackermann; M. Ajello; A. Allafort; L. Baldini; J. Ballet; G. Barbiellini; D. Bastieri; A. Belfiore; R. Bellazzini; B. Berenji; R. D. Blandford; E. D. Bloom; E. Bonamente; A. W. Borgland; E. Bottacini; M. Brigida; P. Bruel; R. Buehler; S. Buson; G. A. Caliandro; R. A. Cameron; P. A. Caraveo; J. M. Casandjian; C. Cecchi; A. Chekhtman; C. C. Cheung; J. Chiang; S. Ciprini; R. Claus; J. Cohen-Tanugi; A. De Angelis; F. De Palma; C. D. Dermer; E. Do Couto E Silva; P. S. Drell; D. Dumora; C. Favuzzi; S. J. Fegan; W. B. Focke; P. Fortin; Y. Fukazawa; P. Fusco; F. Gargano; S. Germani; N. Giglietto; F. Giordano; M. Giroletti; T. Glanzman; G. Godfrey; I. A. Grenier; L. Guillemot; S. Guiriec; D. Hadasch; Y. Hanabata; A. K. Harding; M. Hayashida; K. Hayashi; E. Hays; G. Jóhannesson; A. S. Johnson; T. Kamae; H. Katagiri; J. Kataoka; M. Kerr; J. Knödlseder; M. Kuss; J. Lande; L. Latronico; S. H. Lee; F. Longo; F. Loparco; B. Lott; M. N. Lovellette; P. Lubrano; P. Martin; M. N. Mazziotta; J. E. McEnery; J. Mehault; P. F. Michelson; W. Mitthumsiri; T. Mizuno; C. Monte; M. E. Monzani; A. Morselli; I. V. Moskalenko; S. Murgia; M. Naumann-Godo; P. L. Nolan; J. P. Norris; E. Nuss; T. Ohsugi; A. Okumura; E. Orlando; J. F. Ormes; M. Ozaki; D. Paneque; D. Parent; M. Pesce-Rollins; M. Pierbattista; F. Piron; M. Pohl; D. Prokhorov; S. Rainò; R. Rando; M. Razzano; T. Reposeur; S. Ritz; P. M. Saz Parkinson; C. Sgrò; E. J. Siskind; P. D. Smith; P. Spinelli; A. W. Strong; H. Takahashi; T. Tanaka; J. G. Thayer; J. B. Thayer; D. J. Thompson; L. Tibaldo; D. F. Torres; G. Tosti; A. Tramacere; E. Troja; Y. Uchiyama; J. Vandenbroucke; V. Vasileiou; G. Vianello; V. Vitale; A. P. Waite; P. Wang; B. L. Winer; K. S. Wood; Z. Yang; S. Zimmer; S. Bontemps

doi:10.1126/science.1210311

A cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays detected by fermi in the cygnus superbubble

M. Ackermann, M. Ajello, A. Allafort, L. Baldini, J. Ballet, G. Barbiellini, D. Bastieri, A. Belfiore, R. Bellazzini, B. Berenji, R. D. Blandford, E. D. Bloom, E. Bonamente, A. W. Borgland, E. Bottacini, M. Brigida, P. Bruel, R. Buehler, S. Buson, G. A. CaliandroR. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, J. M. Casandjian, C. Cecchi, A. Chekhtman, C. C. Cheung, J. Chiang, S. Ciprini, R. Claus, J. Cohen-Tanugi, A. De Angelis, F. De Palma, C. D. Dermer, E. Do Couto E Silva, P. S. Drell, D. Dumora, C. Favuzzi, S. J. Fegan, W. B. Focke, P. Fortin, Y. Fukazawa, P. Fusco, F. Gargano, S. Germani, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, T. Glanzman, G. Godfrey, I. A. Grenier^*, L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, D. Hadasch, Y. Hanabata, A. K. Harding, M. Hayashida, K. Hayashi, E. Hays, G. Jóhannesson, A. S. Johnson, T. Kamae, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, M. Kerr, J. Knödlseder, M. Kuss, J. Lande, L. Latronico, S. H. Lee, F. Longo, F. Loparco, B. Lott, M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, P. Martin, M. N. Mazziotta, J. E. McEnery, J. Mehault, P. F. Michelson, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, C. Monte, M. E. Monzani, A. Morselli, I. V. Moskalenko, S. Murgia, M. Naumann-Godo, P. L. Nolan, J. P. Norris, E. Nuss, T. Ohsugi, A. Okumura, E. Orlando, J. F. Ormes, M. Ozaki, D. Paneque, D. Parent, M. Pesce-Rollins, M. Pierbattista, F. Piron, M. Pohl, D. Prokhorov, S. Rainò, R. Rando, M. Razzano, T. Reposeur, S. Ritz, P. M. Saz Parkinson, C. Sgrò, E. J. Siskind, P. D. Smith, P. Spinelli, A. W. Strong, H. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, J. G. Thayer, J. B. Thayer, D. J. Thompson, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, G. Tosti, A. Tramacere, E. Troja, Y. Uchiyama, J. Vandenbroucke, V. Vasileiou, G. Vianello, V. Vitale, A. P. Waite, P. Wang, B. L. Winer, K. S. Wood, Z. Yang, S. Zimmer, S. Bontemps

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Advanced Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

251 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1103-1107
Number of pages	5
Journal	Science
Volume	334
Issue number	6059
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1210311
Publication status	Published - 2011 Nov 25

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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Ackermann, M., Ajello, M., Allafort, A., Baldini, L., Ballet, J., Barbiellini, G., Bastieri, D., Belfiore, A., Bellazzini, R., Berenji, B., Blandford, R. D., Bloom, E. D., Bonamente, E., Borgland, A. W., Bottacini, E., Brigida, M., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., ... Bontemps, S. (2011). A cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays detected by fermi in the cygnus superbubble. Science, 334(6059), 1103-1107. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1210311

Ackermann, M, Ajello, M, Allafort, A, Baldini, L, Ballet, J, Barbiellini, G, Bastieri, D, Belfiore, A, Bellazzini, R, Berenji, B, Blandford, RD, Bloom, ED, Bonamente, E, Borgland, AW, Bottacini, E, Brigida, M, Bruel, P, Buehler, R, Buson, S, Caliandro, GA, Cameron, RA, Caraveo, PA, Casandjian, JM, Cecchi, C, Chekhtman, A, Cheung, CC, Chiang, J, Ciprini, S, Claus, R, Cohen-Tanugi, J, De Angelis, A, De Palma, F, Dermer, CD, Do Couto E Silva, E, Drell, PS, Dumora, D, Favuzzi, C, Fegan, SJ, Focke, WB, Fortin, P, Fukazawa, Y, Fusco, P, Gargano, F, Germani, S, Giglietto, N, Giordano, F, Giroletti, M, Glanzman, T, Godfrey, G, Grenier, IA, Guillemot, L, Guiriec, S, Hadasch, D, Hanabata, Y, Harding, AK, Hayashida, M, Hayashi, K, Hays, E, Jóhannesson, G, Johnson, AS, Kamae, T, Katagiri, H, Kataoka, J, Kerr, M, Knödlseder, J, Kuss, M, Lande, J, Latronico, L, Lee, SH, Longo, F, Loparco, F, Lott, B, Lovellette, MN, Lubrano, P, Martin, P, Mazziotta, MN, McEnery, JE, Mehault, J, Michelson, PF, Mitthumsiri, W, Mizuno, T, Monte, C, Monzani, ME, Morselli, A, Moskalenko, IV, Murgia, S, Naumann-Godo, M, Nolan, PL, Norris, JP, Nuss, E, Ohsugi, T, Okumura, A, Orlando, E, Ormes, JF, Ozaki, M, Paneque, D, Parent, D, Pesce-Rollins, M, Pierbattista, M, Piron, F, Pohl, M, Prokhorov, D, Rainò, S, Rando, R, Razzano, M, Reposeur, T, Ritz, S, Saz Parkinson, PM, Sgrò, C, Siskind, EJ, Smith, PD, Spinelli, P, Strong, AW, Takahashi, H, Tanaka, T, Thayer, JG, Thayer, JB, Thompson, DJ, Tibaldo, L, Torres, DF, Tosti, G, Tramacere, A, Troja, E, Uchiyama, Y, Vandenbroucke, J, Vasileiou, V, Vianello, G, Vitale, V, Waite, AP, Wang, P, Winer, BL, Wood, KS, Yang, Z, Zimmer, S & Bontemps, S 2011, 'A cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays detected by fermi in the cygnus superbubble', Science, vol. 334, no. 6059, pp. 1103-1107. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1210311

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title = "A cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays detected by fermi in the cygnus superbubble",

abstract = "The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population.",

author = "M. Ackermann and M. Ajello and A. Allafort and L. Baldini and J. Ballet and G. Barbiellini and D. Bastieri and A. Belfiore and R. Bellazzini and B. Berenji and Blandford, {R. D.} and Bloom, {E. D.} and E. Bonamente and Borgland, {A. W.} and E. Bottacini and M. Brigida and P. Bruel and R. Buehler and S. Buson and Caliandro, {G. A.} and Cameron, {R. A.} and Caraveo, {P. A.} and Casandjian, {J. M.} and C. Cecchi and A. Chekhtman and Cheung, {C. C.} and J. Chiang and S. Ciprini and R. Claus and J. Cohen-Tanugi and {De Angelis}, A. and {De Palma}, F. and Dermer, {C. D.} and {Do Couto E Silva}, E. and Drell, {P. S.} and D. Dumora and C. Favuzzi and Fegan, {S. J.} and Focke, {W. B.} and P. Fortin and Y. Fukazawa and P. Fusco and F. Gargano and S. Germani and N. Giglietto and F. Giordano and M. Giroletti and T. Glanzman and G. Godfrey and Grenier, {I. A.} and L. Guillemot and S. Guiriec and D. Hadasch and Y. Hanabata and Harding, {A. K.} and M. Hayashida and K. Hayashi and E. Hays and G. J{\'o}hannesson and Johnson, {A. S.} and T. Kamae and H. Katagiri and J. Kataoka and M. Kerr and J. Kn{\"o}dlseder and M. Kuss and J. Lande and L. Latronico and Lee, {S. H.} and F. Longo and F. Loparco and B. Lott and Lovellette, {M. N.} and P. Lubrano and P. Martin and Mazziotta, {M. N.} and McEnery, {J. E.} and J. Mehault and Michelson, {P. F.} and W. Mitthumsiri and T. Mizuno and C. Monte and Monzani, {M. E.} and A. Morselli and Moskalenko, {I. V.} and S. Murgia and M. Naumann-Godo and Nolan, {P. L.} and Norris, {J. P.} and E. Nuss and T. Ohsugi and A. Okumura and E. Orlando and Ormes, {J. F.} and M. Ozaki and D. Paneque and D. Parent and M. Pesce-Rollins and M. Pierbattista and F. Piron and M. Pohl and D. Prokhorov and S. Rain{\`o} and R. Rando and M. Razzano and T. Reposeur and S. Ritz and {Saz Parkinson}, {P. M.} and C. Sgr{\`o} and Siskind, {E. J.} and Smith, {P. D.} and P. Spinelli and Strong, {A. W.} and H. Takahashi and T. Tanaka and Thayer, {J. G.} and Thayer, {J. B.} and Thompson, {D. J.} and L. Tibaldo and Torres, {D. F.} and G. Tosti and A. Tramacere and E. Troja and Y. Uchiyama and J. Vandenbroucke and V. Vasileiou and G. Vianello and V. Vitale and Waite, {A. P.} and P. Wang and Winer, {B. L.} and Wood, {K. S.} and Z. Yang and S. Zimmer and S. Bontemps",

year = "2011",

month = nov,

day = "25",

doi = "10.1126/science.1210311",

language = "English",

volume = "334",

pages = "1103--1107",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "American Association for the Advancement of Science",

number = "6059",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - A cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays detected by fermi in the cygnus superbubble

AU - Ackermann, M.

AU - Ajello, M.

AU - Allafort, A.

AU - Baldini, L.

AU - Ballet, J.

AU - Barbiellini, G.

AU - Bastieri, D.

AU - Belfiore, A.

AU - Bellazzini, R.

AU - Berenji, B.

AU - Blandford, R. D.

AU - Bloom, E. D.

AU - Bonamente, E.

AU - Borgland, A. W.

AU - Bottacini, E.

AU - Brigida, M.

AU - Bruel, P.

AU - Buehler, R.

AU - Buson, S.

AU - Caliandro, G. A.

AU - Cameron, R. A.

AU - Caraveo, P. A.

AU - Casandjian, J. M.

AU - Cecchi, C.

AU - Chekhtman, A.

AU - Cheung, C. C.

AU - Chiang, J.

AU - Ciprini, S.

AU - Claus, R.

AU - Cohen-Tanugi, J.

AU - De Angelis, A.

AU - De Palma, F.

AU - Dermer, C. D.

AU - Do Couto E Silva, E.

AU - Drell, P. S.

AU - Dumora, D.

AU - Favuzzi, C.

AU - Fegan, S. J.

AU - Focke, W. B.

AU - Fortin, P.

AU - Fukazawa, Y.

AU - Fusco, P.

AU - Gargano, F.

AU - Germani, S.

AU - Giglietto, N.

AU - Giordano, F.

AU - Giroletti, M.

AU - Glanzman, T.

AU - Godfrey, G.

AU - Grenier, I. A.

AU - Guillemot, L.

AU - Guiriec, S.

AU - Hadasch, D.

AU - Hanabata, Y.

AU - Harding, A. K.

AU - Hayashida, M.

AU - Hayashi, K.

AU - Hays, E.

AU - Jóhannesson, G.

AU - Johnson, A. S.

AU - Kamae, T.

AU - Katagiri, H.

AU - Kataoka, J.

AU - Kerr, M.

AU - Knödlseder, J.

AU - Kuss, M.

AU - Lande, J.

AU - Latronico, L.

AU - Lee, S. H.

AU - Longo, F.

AU - Loparco, F.

AU - Lott, B.

AU - Lovellette, M. N.

AU - Lubrano, P.

AU - Martin, P.

AU - Mazziotta, M. N.

AU - McEnery, J. E.

AU - Mehault, J.

AU - Michelson, P. F.

AU - Mitthumsiri, W.

AU - Mizuno, T.

AU - Monte, C.

AU - Monzani, M. E.

AU - Morselli, A.

AU - Moskalenko, I. V.

AU - Murgia, S.

AU - Naumann-Godo, M.

AU - Nolan, P. L.

AU - Norris, J. P.

AU - Nuss, E.

AU - Ohsugi, T.

AU - Okumura, A.

AU - Orlando, E.

AU - Ormes, J. F.

AU - Ozaki, M.

AU - Paneque, D.

AU - Parent, D.

AU - Pesce-Rollins, M.

AU - Pierbattista, M.

AU - Piron, F.

AU - Pohl, M.

AU - Prokhorov, D.

AU - Rainò, S.

AU - Rando, R.

AU - Razzano, M.

AU - Reposeur, T.

AU - Ritz, S.

AU - Saz Parkinson, P. M.

AU - Sgrò, C.

AU - Siskind, E. J.

AU - Smith, P. D.

AU - Spinelli, P.

AU - Strong, A. W.

AU - Takahashi, H.

AU - Tanaka, T.

AU - Thayer, J. G.

AU - Thayer, J. B.

AU - Thompson, D. J.

AU - Tibaldo, L.

AU - Torres, D. F.

AU - Tosti, G.

AU - Tramacere, A.

AU - Troja, E.

AU - Uchiyama, Y.

AU - Vandenbroucke, J.

AU - Vasileiou, V.

AU - Vianello, G.

AU - Vitale, V.

AU - Waite, A. P.

AU - Wang, P.

AU - Winer, B. L.

AU - Wood, K. S.

AU - Yang, Z.

AU - Zimmer, S.

AU - Bontemps, S.

PY - 2011/11/25

Y1 - 2011/11/25

N2 - The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population.

AB - The origin of Galactic cosmic rays is a century-long puzzle. Indirect evidence points to their acceleration by supernova shockwaves, but we know little of their escape from the shock and their evolution through the turbulent medium surrounding massive stars. Gamma rays can probe their spreading through the ambient gas and radiation fields. The Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has observed the star-forming region of Cygnus X. The 1- to 100-gigaelectronvolt images reveal a 50-parsec-wide cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays that flood the cavities carved by the stellar winds and ionization fronts from young stellar clusters. It provides an example to study the youth of cosmic rays in a superbubble environment before they merge into the older Galactic population.

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U2 - 10.1126/science.1210311

DO - 10.1126/science.1210311

M3 - Article

C2 - 22116880

AN - SCOPUS:82255195528

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 334

SP - 1103

EP - 1107

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6059

ER -

A cocoon of freshly accelerated cosmic rays detected by fermi in the cygnus superbubble

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