Analysis of Red Blood Cell Movement in Whole Blood Exposed to DC and ELF Electric Fields

Miki Kanemaki; Hisae O. Shimizu; Hiroshi Inujima; Takeo Miyake; Koichi Shimizu

doi:10.1002/bem.22395

Analysis of Red Blood Cell Movement in Whole Blood Exposed to DC and ELF Electric Fields

Miki Kanemaki^*, Hisae O. Shimizu, Hiroshi Inujima, Takeo Miyake, Koichi Shimizu

^*Corresponding author for this work

Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

To evaluate hematological effects of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field exposure, this study investigated red blood cell (RBC) movement in whole blood. Video images of RBCs were recorded under a microscope using specially designed electrode systems. Video analysis software was then used to measure the RBC velocity. The noise level and measurement system stability were confirmed based on results of a no-field exposure experiment. Using the electrode system to produce a non-homogeneous electric field, different movements were found to occur in DC and AC field exposure. The RBCs moved in the directions of the electric field and the gradient of field distribution, respectively, in the DC and AC fields. Dependences of the RBC velocity on the field strength were, respectively, linear and quadratic in the DC and AC fields. These results suggest that electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic movements were, respectively, dominant in the DC and AC fields. The magnitude of the electric field necessary to cause these effects was found to be 10³–10⁵ times greater than the internationally publicized guideline for human safety.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	149-159
Number of pages	11
Journal	Bioelectromagnetics
Volume	43
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/bem.22395
Publication status	Published - 2022 Apr

Keywords

ELF electric field
dielectrophoresis
electrophoresis
erythrocyte
whole blood

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Biophysics
Physiology
Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging

Access to Document

10.1002/bem.22395

Cite this

@article{b006f1c4599f464999437b429d694c71,

title = "Analysis of Red Blood Cell Movement in Whole Blood Exposed to DC and ELF Electric Fields",

abstract = "To evaluate hematological effects of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field exposure, this study investigated red blood cell (RBC) movement in whole blood. Video images of RBCs were recorded under a microscope using specially designed electrode systems. Video analysis software was then used to measure the RBC velocity. The noise level and measurement system stability were confirmed based on results of a no-field exposure experiment. Using the electrode system to produce a non-homogeneous electric field, different movements were found to occur in DC and AC field exposure. The RBCs moved in the directions of the electric field and the gradient of field distribution, respectively, in the DC and AC fields. Dependences of the RBC velocity on the field strength were, respectively, linear and quadratic in the DC and AC fields. These results suggest that electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic movements were, respectively, dominant in the DC and AC fields. The magnitude of the electric field necessary to cause these effects was found to be 103–105 times greater than the internationally publicized guideline for human safety.",

keywords = "ELF electric field, dielectrophoresis, electrophoresis, erythrocyte, whole blood",

author = "Miki Kanemaki and Shimizu, {Hisae O.} and Hiroshi Inujima and Takeo Miyake and Koichi Shimizu",

note = "Funding Information: Grant sponsor: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, grant number: 20K20537. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society",

year = "2022",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1002/bem.22395",

language = "English",

volume = "43",

pages = "149--159",

journal = "Bioelectromagnetics",

issn = "0197-8462",

publisher = "Wiley-Liss Inc.",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Analysis of Red Blood Cell Movement in Whole Blood Exposed to DC and ELF Electric Fields

AU - Kanemaki, Miki

AU - Shimizu, Hisae O.

AU - Inujima, Hiroshi

AU - Miyake, Takeo

AU - Shimizu, Koichi

N1 - Funding Information: Grant sponsor: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, grant number: 20K20537. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Bioelectromagnetics published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Bioelectromagnetics Society

PY - 2022/4

Y1 - 2022/4

N2 - To evaluate hematological effects of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field exposure, this study investigated red blood cell (RBC) movement in whole blood. Video images of RBCs were recorded under a microscope using specially designed electrode systems. Video analysis software was then used to measure the RBC velocity. The noise level and measurement system stability were confirmed based on results of a no-field exposure experiment. Using the electrode system to produce a non-homogeneous electric field, different movements were found to occur in DC and AC field exposure. The RBCs moved in the directions of the electric field and the gradient of field distribution, respectively, in the DC and AC fields. Dependences of the RBC velocity on the field strength were, respectively, linear and quadratic in the DC and AC fields. These results suggest that electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic movements were, respectively, dominant in the DC and AC fields. The magnitude of the electric field necessary to cause these effects was found to be 103–105 times greater than the internationally publicized guideline for human safety.

AB - To evaluate hematological effects of direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) extremely low frequency (ELF) electric field exposure, this study investigated red blood cell (RBC) movement in whole blood. Video images of RBCs were recorded under a microscope using specially designed electrode systems. Video analysis software was then used to measure the RBC velocity. The noise level and measurement system stability were confirmed based on results of a no-field exposure experiment. Using the electrode system to produce a non-homogeneous electric field, different movements were found to occur in DC and AC field exposure. The RBCs moved in the directions of the electric field and the gradient of field distribution, respectively, in the DC and AC fields. Dependences of the RBC velocity on the field strength were, respectively, linear and quadratic in the DC and AC fields. These results suggest that electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic movements were, respectively, dominant in the DC and AC fields. The magnitude of the electric field necessary to cause these effects was found to be 103–105 times greater than the internationally publicized guideline for human safety.

KW - ELF electric field

KW - dielectrophoresis

KW - electrophoresis

KW - erythrocyte

KW - whole blood

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126722939&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85126722939&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1002/bem.22395

DO - 10.1002/bem.22395

M3 - Article

C2 - 35315542

AN - SCOPUS:85126722939

SN - 0197-8462

VL - 43

SP - 149

EP - 159

JO - Bioelectromagnetics

JF - Bioelectromagnetics

IS - 3

ER -

Analysis of Red Blood Cell Movement in Whole Blood Exposed to DC and ELF Electric Fields

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this