Arterial stiffness in young male athletes

Arterial stiffness in endurance athletes is low, whereas arterial stiffness in strength athletes is high. The adaptation of the arterial stiffness may be different depending on the training type. On the other hand, there are mixed-trained athletes that can't be classified as endurance- or strength- trained athletes. The aim of this study was to investigate the arterial stiffness among mixed-trained athletes. The total of 51 young male athletes (15 long-distance runners, 10 handball players and 26 kendo players) and 16 young healthy sedentary individuals (control group) participated in this study. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), carotid-brachial PWV (cbPWV) and femoral-ankle PWV (faPWV), were measured as indices of central and peripheral (upper and lower limbs) arterial stiffness, respectively. cfPWV showed significantly lower in long-distance runners (high endurance capacity) and handball players (strength and high endurance capacities) compared with kendo players (strength and low endurance capacities) and control groups (P < 0.05 for both). cbPWV showed significantly lower in handball players and kendo players compared with the control group (P < 0.05 for both). There was no difference in faPWV among the groups. These data suggest that the competitive characteristics of athletes (i.e., endurance capacity or target muscle groups of sport) influence the adaptation of arterial stiffness. It can be speculated that endurance capacity in mixed-trained athletes can affect central arterial stiffness and similar to endurance trained athletes. In addition, the adaptation in upper limb arterial stiffness will be included in the training effects associated with the sports-specific target muscle groups, while lower limb arterial stiffness may not be unaffected by any type of exercise.