TY - JOUR
T1 - Association of inattention with slow-spindle density in sleep EEG of children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
AU - Saito, Yoshihiko
AU - Kaga, Yoshimi
AU - Nakagawa, Eiji
AU - Okubo, Mariko
AU - Kohashi, Kosuke
AU - Omori, Mikimasa
AU - Fukuda, A.
AU - Inagaki, Masumi
N1 - Funding Information:
We wish to thank all participants in this study. This work was supported in part by Intramural Research Grants ( 28-4, 28-7, 29-6 ) for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders of NCNP, Japan. We would also like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - Objective: We evaluated the power of slow sleep spindles during sleep stage 2 to clarify their relationship with executive function, especially with attention, in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Subjects were 21 children with ADHD and 18 aged-matched, typically developing children (TDC). ADHD subjects were divided into groups of only ADHD and ADHD + autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We employed the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) to measure attention. We focused on sleep spindle frequencies (12–14 Hz) in sleep stage 2 and performed a power spectral analysis using fast Fourier transform techniques and compared sleep spindles with the variability of reaction time in CPT. Results: In the CPT, reaction variabilities in ADHD and ADHD + ASD significantly differed from those in TDC. Twelve-hertz spindles were mainly distributed in the frontal pole and frontal area and 14-Hz spindles in the central area. The ratio of 12-Hz frontal spindle power was higher in ADHD than in TDC, especially in ADHD + ASD. Significant correlation between the ratio of 12-Hz spindles and reaction time variability was observed. Conclusions: Twelve-hertz frontal spindle EEG activity may have positive associations with sustained attention function. Slow frontal spindles may be useful as a biomarker of inattention in children with ADHD.
AB - Objective: We evaluated the power of slow sleep spindles during sleep stage 2 to clarify their relationship with executive function, especially with attention, in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Subjects were 21 children with ADHD and 18 aged-matched, typically developing children (TDC). ADHD subjects were divided into groups of only ADHD and ADHD + autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We employed the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) to measure attention. We focused on sleep spindle frequencies (12–14 Hz) in sleep stage 2 and performed a power spectral analysis using fast Fourier transform techniques and compared sleep spindles with the variability of reaction time in CPT. Results: In the CPT, reaction variabilities in ADHD and ADHD + ASD significantly differed from those in TDC. Twelve-hertz spindles were mainly distributed in the frontal pole and frontal area and 14-Hz spindles in the central area. The ratio of 12-Hz frontal spindle power was higher in ADHD than in TDC, especially in ADHD + ASD. Significant correlation between the ratio of 12-Hz spindles and reaction time variability was observed. Conclusions: Twelve-hertz frontal spindle EEG activity may have positive associations with sustained attention function. Slow frontal spindles may be useful as a biomarker of inattention in children with ADHD.
KW - ADHD
KW - Electroencephalogram
KW - Fast spindle
KW - Inattention
KW - Power spectrum
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U2 - 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.05.004
DO - 10.1016/j.braindev.2019.05.004
M3 - Article
C2 - 31204192
AN - SCOPUS:85067212867
SN - 0387-7604
VL - 41
SP - 751
EP - 759
JO - Brain and Development
JF - Brain and Development
IS - 9
ER -