Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi

Felix Aharonia; Felix Aharonian; Hiroki Akamatsu; Fumie Akimoto; Steven W. Allen; Lorella Angelini; Marc Audard; Hisamitsu Awaki; Magnus Axelsson; Aya Bamba; Marshall W. Bautz; Roger Blandford; Laura W. Brenneman; Gregory V. Brown; Esra Bulbul; Edward M. Cackett; Rebecca E.A. Canning; Maria Chernyakova; Meng P. Chiao; Paolo S. Coppi; Elisa Costantini; Jelle De Plaa; Cor P. De Vries; Jan Willem Den Herder; Chris Done; Tadayasu Dotani; Ken Ebisawa; Megan E. Eckart; Teruaki Enoto; Yuichiro Ezoe; Andrew C. Fabian; Carlo Ferrigno; Adam R. Foster; Ryuichi Fujimoto; Yasushi Fukazawa; Akihiro Furuzawa; Massimiliano Galeazzi; Luigi C. Gallo; Poshak Gandhi; Margherita Giustini; Andrea Goldwurm; Liyi Gu; Matteo Guainazzi; Yoshito Haba; Kouichi Hagino; Kenji Hamaguchi; Ilana M. Harrus; Isamu Hatsukade; Katsuhiro Hayashi; Takayuki Hayashi; Tasuku Hayashi; Kiyoshi Hayashida; Junko S. Hiraga; Ann Hornschemeier; Akio Hoshino; John P. Hughes; Yuto Ichinohe; Ryo Iizuka; Hajime Inoue; Shota Inoue; Yoshiyuki Inoue; Manabu Ishida; Kumi Ishikawa; Yoshitaka Ishisaki; Masachika Iwai; Jelle Kaastra; Tim Kallman; Tsuneyoshi Kamae; Jun Kataoka; Satoru Katsuda; Nobuyuki Kawai; Richard L. Kelley; Caroline A. Kilbourne; Takao Kitaguchi; Shunji Kitamoto; Tetsu Kitayama; Takayoshi Kohmura; Motohide Kokubun; Katsuji Koyama; Shu Koyama; Peter Kretschmar; Hans A. Krimm; Aya Kubota; Hideyo Kunieda; Philippe Laurent; Shiu Hang Lee; Maurice A. Leutenegger; Olivier Limousin; Michael Loewenstein; Knox S. Long; David Lumb; Greg Madejski; Yoshitomo Maeda; Daniel Maier; Kazuo Makishima; Maxim Markevitch; Hironori Matsumoto; Kyoko Matsushita; Dan Mccammon; Brian R. Mcnamara; Missagh Mehdipour; Eric D. Miller; Jon M. Miller; Shin Mineshige; Kazuhisa Mitsuda; Ikuyuki Mitsuishi; Takuya Miyazawa; Tsunefumi Mizuno; Hideyuki Mori; Koji Mori; Koji Mukai; Hiroshi Murakami; Richard F. Mushotzky; Takao Nakagawa; Hiroshi Nakajima; Takeshi Nakamori; Shinya Nakashima; Kazuhiro Nakazawa; Kumiko K. Nobukawa; Masayoshi Nobukawa; Hirofumi Noda; Hirokazu Odaka; Takaya Ohashi; Masanori Ohno; Takashi Okajima; Naomi Ota; Masanobu Ozaki; Frits Paerels; Stéphane Paltani; Robert Petre; Ciro Pinto; Frederick S. Porter; Katja Pottschmidt; Christopher S. Reynolds; Samar Safi-Harb; Shinya Saito; Kazuhiro Sakai; Toru Sasaki; Goro Sato; Kosuke Sato; Rie Sato; Makoto Sawada; Norbert Schartel; Peter J. Serlemtsos; Hiromi Seta; Megumi Shidatsu; Aurora Simionescu; Randall K. Smith; Yang Soong; Łukasz Stawarz; Yasuharu Sugawara; Satoshi Sugita; Andrew Szymkowiak; Hiroyasu Tajima; Hiromitsu Takahashi; Tadayuki Takahashi; Shin'Ichiro Takeda; Yoh Takei; Toru T. Amagawa; Takayuki Tamura; Keigo Tanaka; Takaaki Tanaka; Yasuo Tanaka; Yasuyuki T. Tanaka; Makoto S. Tashiro; Yuzuru Tawara; Yukikatsu Terada; Yuichi T. Erashima; Francesco Tombesi; Hiroshi Tomida; Yohko Tsuboi; Masahiro Tsujimoto; Hiroshi Tsunemi; Takeshi Go Tsuru; Hiroyuki Uchida; Hideki Uchiyama; Yasunobu Uchiyama; Shutaro Ueda; Yoshihiro Ueda; Shin'Ichiro Uno; C. Megan Urry; Eugenio Ursino; Qian H.S. Wang; Shin Watanabe; Norbert Werner; Dan R. Wilkins; Brian J. Williams; Shinya Yamada; Hiroya Yamaguchi; Kazutaka Yamaoka; Noriko Y. Yamasaki; Makoto Yamauchi; Shigeo Yamauchi; Tahir Yaqoob; Yoichi Yatsu; Daisuke Yonetoku; Irina Zhuravleva; Abderahmen Zoghbi

Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi

Felix Aharonia, Felix Aharonian, Hiroki Akamatsu, Fumie Akimoto, Steven W. Allen, Lorella Angelini, Marc Audard, Hisamitsu Awaki, Magnus Axelsson, Aya Bamba, Marshall W. Bautz, Roger Blandford, Laura W. Brenneman, Gregory V. Brown, Esra Bulbul, Edward M. Cackett, Rebecca E.A. Canning, Maria Chernyakova, Meng P. Chiao, Paolo S. CoppiElisa Costantini, Jelle De Plaa, Cor P. De Vries, Jan Willem Den Herder, Chris Done, Tadayasu Dotani, Ken Ebisawa, Megan E. Eckart, Teruaki Enoto, Yuichiro Ezoe, Andrew C. Fabian, Carlo Ferrigno, Adam R. Foster, Ryuichi Fujimoto, Yasushi Fukazawa, Akihiro Furuzawa, Massimiliano Galeazzi, Luigi C. Gallo, Poshak Gandhi, Margherita Giustini, Andrea Goldwurm, Liyi Gu, Matteo Guainazzi, Yoshito Haba, Kouichi Hagino, Kenji Hamaguchi, Ilana M. Harrus, Isamu Hatsukade, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Takayuki Hayashi, Tasuku Hayashi, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Junko S. Hiraga, Ann Hornschemeier, Akio Hoshino, John P. Hughes, Yuto Ichinohe, Ryo Iizuka, Hajime Inoue, Shota Inoue, Yoshiyuki Inoue, Manabu Ishida, Kumi Ishikawa, Yoshitaka Ishisaki, Masachika Iwai, Jelle Kaastra, Tim Kallman, Tsuneyoshi Kamae, Jun Kataoka, Satoru Katsuda, Nobuyuki Kawai, Richard L. Kelley, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Takao Kitaguchi, Shunji Kitamoto, Tetsu Kitayama, Takayoshi Kohmura, Motohide Kokubun, Katsuji Koyama, Shu Koyama, Peter Kretschmar, Hans A. Krimm, Aya Kubota, Hideyo Kunieda, Philippe Laurent, Shiu Hang Lee, Maurice A. Leutenegger, Olivier Limousin, Michael Loewenstein, Knox S. Long, David Lumb, Greg Madejski, Yoshitomo Maeda, Daniel Maier, Kazuo Makishima, Maxim Markevitch, Hironori Matsumoto, Kyoko Matsushita, Dan Mccammon, Brian R. Mcnamara, Missagh Mehdipour, Eric D. Miller, Jon M. Miller, Shin Mineshige, Kazuhisa Mitsuda, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Takuya Miyazawa, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Hideyuki Mori, Koji Mori, Koji Mukai, Hiroshi Murakami, Richard F. Mushotzky, Takao Nakagawa, Hiroshi Nakajima, Takeshi Nakamori, Shinya Nakashima, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Kumiko K. Nobukawa, Masayoshi Nobukawa, Hirofumi Noda, Hirokazu Odaka, Takaya Ohashi, Masanori Ohno, Takashi Okajima, Naomi Ota, Masanobu Ozaki, Frits Paerels, Stéphane Paltani, Robert Petre, Ciro Pinto, Frederick S. Porter, Katja Pottschmidt, Christopher S. Reynolds, Samar Safi-Harb, Shinya Saito, Kazuhiro Sakai, Toru Sasaki, Goro Sato, Kosuke Sato, Rie Sato, Makoto Sawada, Norbert Schartel, Peter J. Serlemtsos, Hiromi Seta, Megumi Shidatsu, Aurora Simionescu, Randall K. Smith, Yang Soong, Łukasz Stawarz, Yasuharu Sugawara, Satoshi Sugita, Andrew Szymkowiak, Hiroyasu Tajima, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shin'Ichiro Takeda, Yoh Takei, Toru T. Amagawa, Takayuki Tamura, Keigo Tanaka, Takaaki Tanaka, Yasuo Tanaka, Yasuyuki T. Tanaka, Makoto S. Tashiro, Yuzuru Tawara, Yukikatsu Terada, Yuichi T. Erashima, Francesco Tombesi, Hiroshi Tomida, Yohko Tsuboi, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Takeshi Go Tsuru, Hiroyuki Uchida, Hideki Uchiyama, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Shutaro Ueda, Yoshihiro Ueda, Shin'Ichiro Uno, C. Megan Urry, Eugenio Ursino, Qian H.S. Wang, Shin Watanabe, Norbert Werner, Dan R. Wilkins, Brian J. Williams, Shinya Yamada, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, Makoto Yamauchi, Shigeo Yamauchi, Tahir Yaqoob, Yoichi Yatsu, Daisuke Yonetoku, Irina Zhuravleva, Abderahmen Zoghbi

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Extending the earlier measurements reported in Hitomi collaboration (2016, Nature, 535, 117), we examine the atmospheric gas motions within the central 100kpc of the Perseus cluster using observations obtained with the Hitomi satellite. After correcting for the point spread function of the telescope and using optically thin emission lines, we find that the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the hot gas is remarkably low and mostly uniform. The velocity dispersion reaches a maxima of approximately 200 km s^-1 toward the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and toward the AGN inflated northwestern "ghost" bubble. Elsewhere within the observed region, the velocity dispersion appears constant around 100 km s^-1. We also detect a velocity gradient with a 100 km s^-1 amplitude across the cluster core, consistent with large-scale sloshing of the core gas. If the observed gas motions are isotropic, the kinetic pressure support is less than 10% of the thermal pressure support in the cluster core. The well-resolved, optically thin emission lines have Gaussian shapes, indicating that the turbulent driving scale is likely below 100 kpc, which is consistent with the size of the AGN jet inflated bubbles. We also report the first measurement of the ion temperature in the intracluster medium, which we find to be consistent with the electron temperature. In addition, we present a new measurement of the redshift of the brightest cluster galaxy NGC 1275.

Original language	English
Article number	psx138
Journal	Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Volume	70
Issue number	2
Publication status	Published - 2018 Mar 1

Keywords

Galaxies: clusters: individual (Perseus)
Galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
Galaxies: individual (NGC 1275)
X-rays: galaxies: clusters

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

Cite this

Aharonia, F., Aharonian, F., Akamatsu, H., Akimoto, F., Allen, S. W., Angelini, L., Audard, M., Awaki, H., Axelsson, M., Bamba, A., Bautz, M. W., Blandford, R., Brenneman, L. W., Brown, G. V., Bulbul, E., Cackett, E. M., Canning, R. E. A., Chernyakova, M., Chiao, M. P., ... Zoghbi, A. (2018). Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi. Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, 70(2), Article psx138.

Aharonia, F, Aharonian, F, Akamatsu, H, Akimoto, F, Allen, SW, Angelini, L, Audard, M, Awaki, H, Axelsson, M, Bamba, A, Bautz, MW, Blandford, R, Brenneman, LW, Brown, GV, Bulbul, E, Cackett, EM, Canning, REA, Chernyakova, M, Chiao, MP, Coppi, PS, Costantini, E, De Plaa, J, De Vries, CP, Den Herder, JW, Done, C, Dotani, T, Ebisawa, K, Eckart, ME, Enoto, T, Ezoe, Y, Fabian, AC, Ferrigno, C, Foster, AR, Fujimoto, R, Fukazawa, Y, Furuzawa, A, Galeazzi, M, Gallo, LC, Gandhi, P, Giustini, M, Goldwurm, A, Gu, L, Guainazzi, M, Haba, Y, Hagino, K, Hamaguchi, K, Harrus, IM, Hatsukade, I, Hayashi, K, Hayashi, T, Hayashi, T, Hayashida, K, Hiraga, JS, Hornschemeier, A, Hoshino, A, Hughes, JP, Ichinohe, Y, Iizuka, R, Inoue, H, Inoue, S, Inoue, Y, Ishida, M, Ishikawa, K, Ishisaki, Y, Iwai, M, Kaastra, J, Kallman, T, Kamae, T, Kataoka, J, Katsuda, S, Kawai, N, Kelley, RL, Kilbourne, CA, Kitaguchi, T, Kitamoto, S, Kitayama, T, Kohmura, T, Kokubun, M, Koyama, K, Koyama, S, Kretschmar, P, Krimm, HA, Kubota, A, Kunieda, H, Laurent, P, Lee, SH, Leutenegger, MA, Limousin, O, Loewenstein, M, Long, KS, Lumb, D, Madejski, G, Maeda, Y, Maier, D, Makishima, K, Markevitch, M, Matsumoto, H, Matsushita, K, Mccammon, D, Mcnamara, BR, Mehdipour, M, Miller, ED, Miller, JM, Mineshige, S, Mitsuda, K, Mitsuishi, I, Miyazawa, T, Mizuno, T, Mori, H, Mori, K, Mukai, K, Murakami, H, Mushotzky, RF, Nakagawa, T, Nakajima, H, Nakamori, T, Nakashima, S, Nakazawa, K, Nobukawa, KK, Nobukawa, M, Noda, H, Odaka, H, Ohashi, T, Ohno, M, Okajima, T, Ota, N, Ozaki, M, Paerels, F, Paltani, S, Petre, R, Pinto, C, Porter, FS, Pottschmidt, K, Reynolds, CS, Safi-Harb, S, Saito, S, Sakai, K, Sasaki, T, Sato, G, Sato, K, Sato, R, Sawada, M, Schartel, N, Serlemtsos, PJ, Seta, H, Shidatsu, M, Simionescu, A, Smith, RK, Soong, Y, Stawarz, Ł, Sugawara, Y, Sugita, S, Szymkowiak, A, Tajima, H, Takahashi, H, Takahashi, T, Takeda, SI, Takei, Y, Amagawa, TT, Tamura, T, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, T, Tanaka, Y, Tanaka, YT, Tashiro, MS, Tawara, Y, Terada, Y, Erashima, YT, Tombesi, F, Tomida, H, Tsuboi, Y, Tsujimoto, M, Tsunemi, H, Tsuru, TG, Uchida, H, Uchiyama, H, Uchiyama, Y, Ueda, S, Ueda, Y, Uno, SI, Urry, CM, Ursino, E, Wang, QHS, Watanabe, S, Werner, N, Wilkins, DR, Williams, BJ, Yamada, S, Yamaguchi, H, Yamaoka, K, Yamasaki, NY, Yamauchi, M, Yamauchi, S, Yaqoob, T, Yatsu, Y, Yonetoku, D, Zhuravleva, I & Zoghbi, A 2018, 'Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi', Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, vol. 70, no. 2, psx138.

@article{f749cb5d907a42c69c2f76f427c933d5,

title = "Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi",

abstract = "Extending the earlier measurements reported in Hitomi collaboration (2016, Nature, 535, 117), we examine the atmospheric gas motions within the central 100kpc of the Perseus cluster using observations obtained with the Hitomi satellite. After correcting for the point spread function of the telescope and using optically thin emission lines, we find that the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the hot gas is remarkably low and mostly uniform. The velocity dispersion reaches a maxima of approximately 200 km s-1 toward the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and toward the AGN inflated northwestern {"}ghost{"} bubble. Elsewhere within the observed region, the velocity dispersion appears constant around 100 km s-1. We also detect a velocity gradient with a 100 km s-1 amplitude across the cluster core, consistent with large-scale sloshing of the core gas. If the observed gas motions are isotropic, the kinetic pressure support is less than 10% of the thermal pressure support in the cluster core. The well-resolved, optically thin emission lines have Gaussian shapes, indicating that the turbulent driving scale is likely below 100 kpc, which is consistent with the size of the AGN jet inflated bubbles. We also report the first measurement of the ion temperature in the intracluster medium, which we find to be consistent with the electron temperature. In addition, we present a new measurement of the redshift of the brightest cluster galaxy NGC 1275.",

keywords = "Galaxies: clusters: individual (Perseus), Galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium, Galaxies: individual (NGC 1275), X-rays: galaxies: clusters",

author = "Felix Aharonia and Felix Aharonian and Hiroki Akamatsu and Fumie Akimoto and Allen, {Steven W.} and Lorella Angelini and Marc Audard and Hisamitsu Awaki and Magnus Axelsson and Aya Bamba and Bautz, {Marshall W.} and Roger Blandford and Brenneman, {Laura W.} and Brown, {Gregory V.} and Esra Bulbul and Cackett, {Edward M.} and Canning, {Rebecca E.A.} and Maria Chernyakova and Chiao, {Meng P.} and Coppi, {Paolo S.} and Elisa Costantini and {De Plaa}, Jelle and {De Vries}, {Cor P.} and {Den Herder}, {Jan Willem} and Chris Done and Tadayasu Dotani and Ken Ebisawa and Eckart, {Megan E.} and Teruaki Enoto and Yuichiro Ezoe and Fabian, {Andrew C.} and Carlo Ferrigno and Foster, {Adam R.} and Ryuichi Fujimoto and Yasushi Fukazawa and Akihiro Furuzawa and Massimiliano Galeazzi and Gallo, {Luigi C.} and Poshak Gandhi and Margherita Giustini and Andrea Goldwurm and Liyi Gu and Matteo Guainazzi and Yoshito Haba and Kouichi Hagino and Kenji Hamaguchi and Harrus, {Ilana M.} and Isamu Hatsukade and Katsuhiro Hayashi and Takayuki Hayashi and Tasuku Hayashi and Kiyoshi Hayashida and Hiraga, {Junko S.} and Ann Hornschemeier and Akio Hoshino and Hughes, {John P.} and Yuto Ichinohe and Ryo Iizuka and Hajime Inoue and Shota Inoue and Yoshiyuki Inoue and Manabu Ishida and Kumi Ishikawa and Yoshitaka Ishisaki and Masachika Iwai and Jelle Kaastra and Tim Kallman and Tsuneyoshi Kamae and Jun Kataoka and Satoru Katsuda and Nobuyuki Kawai and Kelley, {Richard L.} and Kilbourne, {Caroline A.} and Takao Kitaguchi and Shunji Kitamoto and Tetsu Kitayama and Takayoshi Kohmura and Motohide Kokubun and Katsuji Koyama and Shu Koyama and Peter Kretschmar and Krimm, {Hans A.} and Aya Kubota and Hideyo Kunieda and Philippe Laurent and Lee, {Shiu Hang} and Leutenegger, {Maurice A.} and Olivier Limousin and Michael Loewenstein and Long, {Knox S.} and David Lumb and Greg Madejski and Yoshitomo Maeda and Daniel Maier and Kazuo Makishima and Maxim Markevitch and Hironori Matsumoto and Kyoko Matsushita and Dan Mccammon and Mcnamara, {Brian R.} and Missagh Mehdipour and Miller, {Eric D.} and Miller, {Jon M.} and Shin Mineshige and Kazuhisa Mitsuda and Ikuyuki Mitsuishi and Takuya Miyazawa and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Hideyuki Mori and Koji Mori and Koji Mukai and Hiroshi Murakami and Mushotzky, {Richard F.} and Takao Nakagawa and Hiroshi Nakajima and Takeshi Nakamori and Shinya Nakashima and Kazuhiro Nakazawa and Nobukawa, {Kumiko K.} and Masayoshi Nobukawa and Hirofumi Noda and Hirokazu Odaka and Takaya Ohashi and Masanori Ohno and Takashi Okajima and Naomi Ota and Masanobu Ozaki and Frits Paerels and St{\'e}phane Paltani and Robert Petre and Ciro Pinto and Porter, {Frederick S.} and Katja Pottschmidt and Reynolds, {Christopher S.} and Samar Safi-Harb and Shinya Saito and Kazuhiro Sakai and Toru Sasaki and Goro Sato and Kosuke Sato and Rie Sato and Makoto Sawada and Norbert Schartel and Serlemtsos, {Peter J.} and Hiromi Seta and Megumi Shidatsu and Aurora Simionescu and Smith, {Randall K.} and Yang Soong and {\L}ukasz Stawarz and Yasuharu Sugawara and Satoshi Sugita and Andrew Szymkowiak and Hiroyasu Tajima and Hiromitsu Takahashi and Tadayuki Takahashi and Shin'Ichiro Takeda and Yoh Takei and Amagawa, {Toru T.} and Takayuki Tamura and Keigo Tanaka and Takaaki Tanaka and Yasuo Tanaka and Tanaka, {Yasuyuki T.} and Tashiro, {Makoto S.} and Yuzuru Tawara and Yukikatsu Terada and Erashima, {Yuichi T.} and Francesco Tombesi and Hiroshi Tomida and Yohko Tsuboi and Masahiro Tsujimoto and Hiroshi Tsunemi and Tsuru, {Takeshi Go} and Hiroyuki Uchida and Hideki Uchiyama and Yasunobu Uchiyama and Shutaro Ueda and Yoshihiro Ueda and Shin'Ichiro Uno and Urry, {C. Megan} and Eugenio Ursino and Wang, {Qian H.S.} and Shin Watanabe and Norbert Werner and Wilkins, {Dan R.} and Williams, {Brian J.} and Shinya Yamada and Hiroya Yamaguchi and Kazutaka Yamaoka and Yamasaki, {Noriko Y.} and Makoto Yamauchi and Shigeo Yamauchi and Tahir Yaqoob and Yoichi Yatsu and Daisuke Yonetoku and Irina Zhuravleva and Abderahmen Zoghbi",

note = "Funding Information: We are grateful to the anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and comments. We acknowledge Yuya Kinoshita for his detailed analysis on the non-Gaussianity in 2 × 2 pixel scale and evaluation of skewness and kurtosis, and Yu Kai, Ayumi Tsuji, and Tomohiro Nakano for supporting data analysis. We thank the support from the JSPS Core-to-Core Program. We acknowledge all the JAXA members who have contributed to the ASTRO-H (Hitomi) project. All U.S. members gratefully acknowledge support through the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Stanford and SLAC members acknowledge support via DoE contract to SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory DE-AC3-76SF00515. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DoE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support from the European Space Agency is gratefully acknowledged. French members acknowledge support from CNES, the Centre National d{\textquoteright}{\'E}tudes Spatiales. SRON is supported by NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Swiss team acknowledges support of the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). The Canadian Space Agency is acknowledged for the support of Canadian members. We acknowledge support from JSPS/MEXT KAK-ENHI grant numbers JP15H00773, JP15H00785, JP15H02070, JP15H02090, JP15H03639, JP15H03641, JP15H03642, JP15H05438, JP15H06896, JP15J01845, JP15K05107, JP15K17610, JP15K17657, JP16H00949, JP16H03983, JP16H06342, JP16J02333, JP16K05295, JP16K05296, JP16K05300, JP16K05309, JP16K13787, JP16K17667, JP16K17672, JP16K17673, JP17H02864, JP17J07948, JP17K05393, JP21659292, JP23340055, JP23340071, JP23540280, JP24105007, JP24540232, JP25105516, JP25109004, JP25247028, JP25287042, JP25400236, JP25800119, JP26109506, JP26220703, JP26400228, JP26610047, and JP26800102. The following NASA grants are acknowledged: NNX15AC76G, NNX15AE16G, NNX15AK71G, NNX15AU54G, NNX15AW94G, and NNG15PP48P to Eureka Scientific. This work was partly supported by Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers, MEXT, Japan, and also by the Research Fellowship of JSPS for Young Scientists. H. Akamatsu acknowledges support of NWO via Veni grant. R. Canning would like to acknowledge the support provided by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF5-160134 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center. C. Done acknowledges STFC funding under grant ST/L00075X/1. A. Fabian and C. Pinto acknowledge ERC Advanced Grant 340442. P. Gandhi acknowledges JAXA International Top Young Fellowship and UK Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC) grant ST/J003697/2. T. Hayashi, Y. Ichi-nohe, S. Inoue, and K. Nobukawa are supported by the Research Fellow of JSPS for Young Scientists. N. Kawai is supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “New Developments in Astrophysics Through Multi-Messenger Observations of Gravitational Wave Sources”. S. Kitamoto is partially supported by the MEXT Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities, 2014-2018. B. McNamara and S. Safi-Harb acknowledge support from NSERC. T. Dotani, T. Taka-hashi, T. Tamagawa, M. Tsujimoto and Y. Uchiyama acknowledge support from the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Nuclear Matter in Neutron Stars Investigated by Experiments and Astronomical Observations”. Q. Wang was supported by Chandra grants GO3-14144Z, GO5-16147Z, and AR5-16013X. N. Werner is supported by the Lend{\"u}let LP2016-11 grant from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. D. Wilkins is supported by NASA through Einstein Fellowship grant number PF6-170160, awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. Funding Information: We are grateful to the anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and comments. We acknowledge Yuya Kinoshita for his detailed analysis on the non-Gaussianity in 2 ? 2 pixel scale and evaluation of skewness and kurtosis, and Yu Kai, Ayumi Tsuji, and Tomohiro Nakano for supporting data analysis. We thank the support from the JSPS Core-to-Core Program. We acknowledge all the JAXA members who have contributed to the ASTROH (Hitomi) project. All U.S. members gratefully acknowledge support through the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Stanford and SLAC members acknowledge support via DoE contract to SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory DE-AC3-76SF00515. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DoE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support from the European Space Agency is gratefully acknowledged. French members acknowledge support from CNES, the Centre National d'?tudes Spatiales. SRON is supported by NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Swiss team acknowledges support of the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). The Canadian Space Agency is acknowledged for the support of Canadian members. We acknowledge support from JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI grant numbers JP15H00773, JP15H00785, JP15H02070, JP15H02090, JP15H03639, JP15H03641, JP15H03642, JP15H05438, JP15H06896, JP15J01845, JP15K05107, JP15K17610, JP15K17657, JP16H00949, JP16H03983, JP16H06342, JP16J02333, JP16K05295, JP16K05296, JP16K05300, JP16K05309, JP16K13787, JP16K17667, JP16K17672, JP16K17673, JP17H02864, JP17J07948, JP17K05393, JP21659292, JP23340055, JP23340071, JP23540280, JP24105007, JP24540232, JP25105516, JP25109004, JP25247028, JP25287042, JP25400236, JP25800119, JP26109506, JP26220703, JP26400228, JP26610047, and JP26800102. The following NASA grants are acknowledged: NNX15AC76G, NNX15AE16G, NNX15AK71G, NNX15AU54G, NNX15AW94G, and NNG15PP48P to Eureka Scientific. This work was partly supported by Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers, MEXT, Japan, and also by the Research Fellowship of JSPS for Young Scientists. H. Akamatsu acknowledges support of NWO via Veni grant. R. Canning would like to acknowledge the support provided by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF5-160134 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center. C. Done acknowledges STFC funding under grant ST/L00075X/1. A. Fabian and C. Pinto acknowledge ERC Advanced Grant 340442. P. Gandhi acknowledges JAXA International Top Young Fellowship and UK Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC) grant ST/J003697/2. T. Hayashi, Y. Ichi-nohe, S. Inoue, and K. Nobukawa are supported by the Research Fellow of JSPS for Young Scientists. N. Kawai is supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas {"}New Developments in Astrophysics Through Multi-Messenger Observations of Gravitational Wave Sources{"}. S. Kitamoto is partially supported by the MEXT Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities, 2014-2018. B. McNamara and S. Safi-Harb acknowledge support from NSERC. T. Dotani, T. Takahashi, T. Tamagawa, M. Tsujimoto and Y. Uchiyama acknowledge support from the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas {"}Nuclear Matter in Neutron Stars Investigated by Experiments and Astronomical Observations{"}. Q. Wang was supported by Chandra grants GO3-14144Z, GO5-16147Z, and AR5-16013X. N. Werner is supported by the Lend?let LP2016-11 grant from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. D. Wilkins is supported by NASA through Einstein Fellowship grant number PF6-170160, awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. We thank contributions by many companies, including in particular, NEC, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, and Japan Aviation Electronics Industry. We acknowledge Google for their web-based services which really boosted our productivity. Finally, we acknowledge strong support from the following engineers. JAXA/ISAS: Chris Baluta, Nobutaka Bando, Atsushi Harayama, Kazuyuki Hirose, Kosei Ishimura, Naoko Iwata, Taro Kawano, Shigeo Kawasaki, Kenji Minesugi, Chikara Natsukari, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Mina Ogawa, Masayuki Ohta, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Yasuko Shibano, Maki Shida, Takanobu Shimada, Atsushi Wada, Takahiro Yamada; JAXA/TKSC: Atsushi Okamoto, Yoichi Sato, Keisuke Shinozaki, Hiroyuki Sugita; Chubu Univ.: Yoshiharu Namba; Ehime Univ.: Keiji Ogi; Kochi Univ. of Technology: Tatsuro Kosaka; Miyazaki Univ.: Yusuke Nishioka; Nagoya Univ.: Housei Nagano; NASA/GSFC: Thomas Bialas, Kevin Boyce, Edgar Canavan, Michael DiPirro, Mark Kimball, Candace Masters, Daniel Mcguinness, Joseph Miko, Theodore Muench, James Pontius, Peter Shirron, Cynthia Simmons, Gary Sneiderman, Tomomi Watanabe; ADNET Systems: Michael Witthoeft, Kristin Rutkowski, Robert S. Hill, Joseph Eggen; Wyle Information Systems: Andrew Sargent, Michael Dutka; Noqsi Aerospace Ltd: John Doty; Stanford Univ./KIPAC: Makoto Asai, Kirk Gilmore; ESA (Netherlands): Chris Jewell; SRON: Daniel Haas, Martin Frericks, Philippe Laubert, Paul Lowes; Univ. of Geneva: Philipp Azzarello; CSA: Alex Koujelev, Franco Moroso. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.",

year = "2018",

month = mar,

day = "1",

language = "English",

volume = "70",

journal = "Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan",

issn = "0004-6264",

publisher = "Astronomical Society of Japan",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi

AU - Aharonia, Felix

AU - Aharonian, Felix

AU - Akamatsu, Hiroki

AU - Akimoto, Fumie

AU - Allen, Steven W.

AU - Angelini, Lorella

AU - Audard, Marc

AU - Awaki, Hisamitsu

AU - Axelsson, Magnus

AU - Bamba, Aya

AU - Bautz, Marshall W.

AU - Blandford, Roger

AU - Brenneman, Laura W.

AU - Brown, Gregory V.

AU - Bulbul, Esra

AU - Cackett, Edward M.

AU - Canning, Rebecca E.A.

AU - Chernyakova, Maria

AU - Chiao, Meng P.

AU - Coppi, Paolo S.

AU - Costantini, Elisa

AU - De Plaa, Jelle

AU - De Vries, Cor P.

AU - Den Herder, Jan Willem

AU - Done, Chris

AU - Dotani, Tadayasu

AU - Ebisawa, Ken

AU - Eckart, Megan E.

AU - Enoto, Teruaki

AU - Ezoe, Yuichiro

AU - Fabian, Andrew C.

AU - Ferrigno, Carlo

AU - Foster, Adam R.

AU - Fujimoto, Ryuichi

AU - Fukazawa, Yasushi

AU - Furuzawa, Akihiro

AU - Galeazzi, Massimiliano

AU - Gallo, Luigi C.

AU - Gandhi, Poshak

AU - Giustini, Margherita

AU - Goldwurm, Andrea

AU - Gu, Liyi

AU - Guainazzi, Matteo

AU - Haba, Yoshito

AU - Hagino, Kouichi

AU - Hamaguchi, Kenji

AU - Harrus, Ilana M.

AU - Hatsukade, Isamu

AU - Hayashi, Katsuhiro

AU - Hayashi, Takayuki

AU - Hayashi, Tasuku

AU - Hayashida, Kiyoshi

AU - Hiraga, Junko S.

AU - Hornschemeier, Ann

AU - Hoshino, Akio

AU - Hughes, John P.

AU - Ichinohe, Yuto

AU - Iizuka, Ryo

AU - Inoue, Hajime

AU - Inoue, Shota

AU - Inoue, Yoshiyuki

AU - Ishida, Manabu

AU - Ishikawa, Kumi

AU - Ishisaki, Yoshitaka

AU - Iwai, Masachika

AU - Kaastra, Jelle

AU - Kallman, Tim

AU - Kamae, Tsuneyoshi

AU - Kataoka, Jun

AU - Katsuda, Satoru

AU - Kawai, Nobuyuki

AU - Kelley, Richard L.

AU - Kilbourne, Caroline A.

AU - Kitaguchi, Takao

AU - Kitamoto, Shunji

AU - Kitayama, Tetsu

AU - Kohmura, Takayoshi

AU - Kokubun, Motohide

AU - Koyama, Katsuji

AU - Koyama, Shu

AU - Kretschmar, Peter

AU - Krimm, Hans A.

AU - Kubota, Aya

AU - Kunieda, Hideyo

AU - Laurent, Philippe

AU - Lee, Shiu Hang

AU - Leutenegger, Maurice A.

AU - Limousin, Olivier

AU - Loewenstein, Michael

AU - Long, Knox S.

AU - Lumb, David

AU - Madejski, Greg

AU - Maeda, Yoshitomo

AU - Maier, Daniel

AU - Makishima, Kazuo

AU - Markevitch, Maxim

AU - Matsumoto, Hironori

AU - Matsushita, Kyoko

AU - Mccammon, Dan

AU - Mcnamara, Brian R.

AU - Mehdipour, Missagh

AU - Miller, Eric D.

AU - Miller, Jon M.

AU - Mineshige, Shin

AU - Mitsuda, Kazuhisa

AU - Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki

AU - Miyazawa, Takuya

AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi

AU - Mori, Hideyuki

AU - Mori, Koji

AU - Mukai, Koji

AU - Murakami, Hiroshi

AU - Mushotzky, Richard F.

AU - Nakagawa, Takao

AU - Nakajima, Hiroshi

AU - Nakamori, Takeshi

AU - Nakashima, Shinya

AU - Nakazawa, Kazuhiro

AU - Nobukawa, Kumiko K.

AU - Nobukawa, Masayoshi

AU - Noda, Hirofumi

AU - Odaka, Hirokazu

AU - Ohashi, Takaya

AU - Ohno, Masanori

AU - Okajima, Takashi

AU - Ota, Naomi

AU - Ozaki, Masanobu

AU - Paerels, Frits

AU - Paltani, Stéphane

AU - Petre, Robert

AU - Pinto, Ciro

AU - Porter, Frederick S.

AU - Pottschmidt, Katja

AU - Reynolds, Christopher S.

AU - Safi-Harb, Samar

AU - Saito, Shinya

AU - Sakai, Kazuhiro

AU - Sasaki, Toru

AU - Sato, Goro

AU - Sato, Kosuke

AU - Sato, Rie

AU - Sawada, Makoto

AU - Schartel, Norbert

AU - Serlemtsos, Peter J.

AU - Seta, Hiromi

AU - Shidatsu, Megumi

AU - Simionescu, Aurora

AU - Smith, Randall K.

AU - Soong, Yang

AU - Stawarz, Łukasz

AU - Sugawara, Yasuharu

AU - Sugita, Satoshi

AU - Szymkowiak, Andrew

AU - Tajima, Hiroyasu

AU - Takahashi, Hiromitsu

AU - Takahashi, Tadayuki

AU - Takeda, Shin'Ichiro

AU - Takei, Yoh

AU - Amagawa, Toru T.

AU - Tamura, Takayuki

AU - Tanaka, Keigo

AU - Tanaka, Takaaki

AU - Tanaka, Yasuo

AU - Tanaka, Yasuyuki T.

AU - Tashiro, Makoto S.

AU - Tawara, Yuzuru

AU - Terada, Yukikatsu

AU - Erashima, Yuichi T.

AU - Tombesi, Francesco

AU - Tomida, Hiroshi

AU - Tsuboi, Yohko

AU - Tsujimoto, Masahiro

AU - Tsunemi, Hiroshi

AU - Tsuru, Takeshi Go

AU - Uchida, Hiroyuki

AU - Uchiyama, Hideki

AU - Uchiyama, Yasunobu

AU - Ueda, Shutaro

AU - Ueda, Yoshihiro

AU - Uno, Shin'Ichiro

AU - Urry, C. Megan

AU - Ursino, Eugenio

AU - Wang, Qian H.S.

AU - Watanabe, Shin

AU - Werner, Norbert

AU - Wilkins, Dan R.

AU - Williams, Brian J.

AU - Yamada, Shinya

AU - Yamaguchi, Hiroya

AU - Yamaoka, Kazutaka

AU - Yamasaki, Noriko Y.

AU - Yamauchi, Makoto

AU - Yamauchi, Shigeo

AU - Yaqoob, Tahir

AU - Yatsu, Yoichi

AU - Yonetoku, Daisuke

AU - Zhuravleva, Irina

AU - Zoghbi, Abderahmen

N1 - Funding Information: We are grateful to the anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and comments. We acknowledge Yuya Kinoshita for his detailed analysis on the non-Gaussianity in 2 × 2 pixel scale and evaluation of skewness and kurtosis, and Yu Kai, Ayumi Tsuji, and Tomohiro Nakano for supporting data analysis. We thank the support from the JSPS Core-to-Core Program. We acknowledge all the JAXA members who have contributed to the ASTRO-H (Hitomi) project. All U.S. members gratefully acknowledge support through the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Stanford and SLAC members acknowledge support via DoE contract to SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory DE-AC3-76SF00515. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DoE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support from the European Space Agency is gratefully acknowledged. French members acknowledge support from CNES, the Centre National d’Études Spatiales. SRON is supported by NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Swiss team acknowledges support of the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). The Canadian Space Agency is acknowledged for the support of Canadian members. We acknowledge support from JSPS/MEXT KAK-ENHI grant numbers JP15H00773, JP15H00785, JP15H02070, JP15H02090, JP15H03639, JP15H03641, JP15H03642, JP15H05438, JP15H06896, JP15J01845, JP15K05107, JP15K17610, JP15K17657, JP16H00949, JP16H03983, JP16H06342, JP16J02333, JP16K05295, JP16K05296, JP16K05300, JP16K05309, JP16K13787, JP16K17667, JP16K17672, JP16K17673, JP17H02864, JP17J07948, JP17K05393, JP21659292, JP23340055, JP23340071, JP23540280, JP24105007, JP24540232, JP25105516, JP25109004, JP25247028, JP25287042, JP25400236, JP25800119, JP26109506, JP26220703, JP26400228, JP26610047, and JP26800102. The following NASA grants are acknowledged: NNX15AC76G, NNX15AE16G, NNX15AK71G, NNX15AU54G, NNX15AW94G, and NNG15PP48P to Eureka Scientific. This work was partly supported by Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers, MEXT, Japan, and also by the Research Fellowship of JSPS for Young Scientists. H. Akamatsu acknowledges support of NWO via Veni grant. R. Canning would like to acknowledge the support provided by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF5-160134 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center. C. Done acknowledges STFC funding under grant ST/L00075X/1. A. Fabian and C. Pinto acknowledge ERC Advanced Grant 340442. P. Gandhi acknowledges JAXA International Top Young Fellowship and UK Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC) grant ST/J003697/2. T. Hayashi, Y. Ichi-nohe, S. Inoue, and K. Nobukawa are supported by the Research Fellow of JSPS for Young Scientists. N. Kawai is supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “New Developments in Astrophysics Through Multi-Messenger Observations of Gravitational Wave Sources”. S. Kitamoto is partially supported by the MEXT Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities, 2014-2018. B. McNamara and S. Safi-Harb acknowledge support from NSERC. T. Dotani, T. Taka-hashi, T. Tamagawa, M. Tsujimoto and Y. Uchiyama acknowledge support from the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Nuclear Matter in Neutron Stars Investigated by Experiments and Astronomical Observations”. Q. Wang was supported by Chandra grants GO3-14144Z, GO5-16147Z, and AR5-16013X. N. Werner is supported by the Lendület LP2016-11 grant from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. D. Wilkins is supported by NASA through Einstein Fellowship grant number PF6-170160, awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. Funding Information: We are grateful to the anonymous referee for helpful suggestions and comments. We acknowledge Yuya Kinoshita for his detailed analysis on the non-Gaussianity in 2 ? 2 pixel scale and evaluation of skewness and kurtosis, and Yu Kai, Ayumi Tsuji, and Tomohiro Nakano for supporting data analysis. We thank the support from the JSPS Core-to-Core Program. We acknowledge all the JAXA members who have contributed to the ASTROH (Hitomi) project. All U.S. members gratefully acknowledge support through the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Stanford and SLAC members acknowledge support via DoE contract to SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory DE-AC3-76SF00515. Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. DoE by LLNL under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Support from the European Space Agency is gratefully acknowledged. French members acknowledge support from CNES, the Centre National d'?tudes Spatiales. SRON is supported by NWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research. Swiss team acknowledges support of the Swiss Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). The Canadian Space Agency is acknowledged for the support of Canadian members. We acknowledge support from JSPS/MEXT KAKENHI grant numbers JP15H00773, JP15H00785, JP15H02070, JP15H02090, JP15H03639, JP15H03641, JP15H03642, JP15H05438, JP15H06896, JP15J01845, JP15K05107, JP15K17610, JP15K17657, JP16H00949, JP16H03983, JP16H06342, JP16J02333, JP16K05295, JP16K05296, JP16K05300, JP16K05309, JP16K13787, JP16K17667, JP16K17672, JP16K17673, JP17H02864, JP17J07948, JP17K05393, JP21659292, JP23340055, JP23340071, JP23540280, JP24105007, JP24540232, JP25105516, JP25109004, JP25247028, JP25287042, JP25400236, JP25800119, JP26109506, JP26220703, JP26400228, JP26610047, and JP26800102. The following NASA grants are acknowledged: NNX15AC76G, NNX15AE16G, NNX15AK71G, NNX15AU54G, NNX15AW94G, and NNG15PP48P to Eureka Scientific. This work was partly supported by Leading Initiative for Excellent Young Researchers, MEXT, Japan, and also by the Research Fellowship of JSPS for Young Scientists. H. Akamatsu acknowledges support of NWO via Veni grant. R. Canning would like to acknowledge the support provided by NASA through Einstein Postdoctoral Fellowship grant number PF5-160134 awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center. C. Done acknowledges STFC funding under grant ST/L00075X/1. A. Fabian and C. Pinto acknowledge ERC Advanced Grant 340442. P. Gandhi acknowledges JAXA International Top Young Fellowship and UK Science and Technology Funding Council (STFC) grant ST/J003697/2. T. Hayashi, Y. Ichi-nohe, S. Inoue, and K. Nobukawa are supported by the Research Fellow of JSPS for Young Scientists. N. Kawai is supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "New Developments in Astrophysics Through Multi-Messenger Observations of Gravitational Wave Sources". S. Kitamoto is partially supported by the MEXT Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities, 2014-2018. B. McNamara and S. Safi-Harb acknowledge support from NSERC. T. Dotani, T. Takahashi, T. Tamagawa, M. Tsujimoto and Y. Uchiyama acknowledge support from the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Nuclear Matter in Neutron Stars Investigated by Experiments and Astronomical Observations". Q. Wang was supported by Chandra grants GO3-14144Z, GO5-16147Z, and AR5-16013X. N. Werner is supported by the Lend?let LP2016-11 grant from the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. D. Wilkins is supported by NASA through Einstein Fellowship grant number PF6-170160, awarded by the Chandra X-ray Center, operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory for NASA under contract NAS8-03060. We thank contributions by many companies, including in particular, NEC, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, and Japan Aviation Electronics Industry. We acknowledge Google for their web-based services which really boosted our productivity. Finally, we acknowledge strong support from the following engineers. JAXA/ISAS: Chris Baluta, Nobutaka Bando, Atsushi Harayama, Kazuyuki Hirose, Kosei Ishimura, Naoko Iwata, Taro Kawano, Shigeo Kawasaki, Kenji Minesugi, Chikara Natsukari, Hiroyuki Ogawa, Mina Ogawa, Masayuki Ohta, Tsuyoshi Okazaki, Shin-ichiro Sakai, Yasuko Shibano, Maki Shida, Takanobu Shimada, Atsushi Wada, Takahiro Yamada; JAXA/TKSC: Atsushi Okamoto, Yoichi Sato, Keisuke Shinozaki, Hiroyuki Sugita; Chubu Univ.: Yoshiharu Namba; Ehime Univ.: Keiji Ogi; Kochi Univ. of Technology: Tatsuro Kosaka; Miyazaki Univ.: Yusuke Nishioka; Nagoya Univ.: Housei Nagano; NASA/GSFC: Thomas Bialas, Kevin Boyce, Edgar Canavan, Michael DiPirro, Mark Kimball, Candace Masters, Daniel Mcguinness, Joseph Miko, Theodore Muench, James Pontius, Peter Shirron, Cynthia Simmons, Gary Sneiderman, Tomomi Watanabe; ADNET Systems: Michael Witthoeft, Kristin Rutkowski, Robert S. Hill, Joseph Eggen; Wyle Information Systems: Andrew Sargent, Michael Dutka; Noqsi Aerospace Ltd: John Doty; Stanford Univ./KIPAC: Makoto Asai, Kirk Gilmore; ESA (Netherlands): Chris Jewell; SRON: Daniel Haas, Martin Frericks, Philippe Laubert, Paul Lowes; Univ. of Geneva: Philipp Azzarello; CSA: Alex Koujelev, Franco Moroso. Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

PY - 2018/3/1

Y1 - 2018/3/1

N2 - Extending the earlier measurements reported in Hitomi collaboration (2016, Nature, 535, 117), we examine the atmospheric gas motions within the central 100kpc of the Perseus cluster using observations obtained with the Hitomi satellite. After correcting for the point spread function of the telescope and using optically thin emission lines, we find that the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the hot gas is remarkably low and mostly uniform. The velocity dispersion reaches a maxima of approximately 200 km s-1 toward the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and toward the AGN inflated northwestern "ghost" bubble. Elsewhere within the observed region, the velocity dispersion appears constant around 100 km s-1. We also detect a velocity gradient with a 100 km s-1 amplitude across the cluster core, consistent with large-scale sloshing of the core gas. If the observed gas motions are isotropic, the kinetic pressure support is less than 10% of the thermal pressure support in the cluster core. The well-resolved, optically thin emission lines have Gaussian shapes, indicating that the turbulent driving scale is likely below 100 kpc, which is consistent with the size of the AGN jet inflated bubbles. We also report the first measurement of the ion temperature in the intracluster medium, which we find to be consistent with the electron temperature. In addition, we present a new measurement of the redshift of the brightest cluster galaxy NGC 1275.

AB - Extending the earlier measurements reported in Hitomi collaboration (2016, Nature, 535, 117), we examine the atmospheric gas motions within the central 100kpc of the Perseus cluster using observations obtained with the Hitomi satellite. After correcting for the point spread function of the telescope and using optically thin emission lines, we find that the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the hot gas is remarkably low and mostly uniform. The velocity dispersion reaches a maxima of approximately 200 km s-1 toward the central active galactic nucleus (AGN) and toward the AGN inflated northwestern "ghost" bubble. Elsewhere within the observed region, the velocity dispersion appears constant around 100 km s-1. We also detect a velocity gradient with a 100 km s-1 amplitude across the cluster core, consistent with large-scale sloshing of the core gas. If the observed gas motions are isotropic, the kinetic pressure support is less than 10% of the thermal pressure support in the cluster core. The well-resolved, optically thin emission lines have Gaussian shapes, indicating that the turbulent driving scale is likely below 100 kpc, which is consistent with the size of the AGN jet inflated bubbles. We also report the first measurement of the ion temperature in the intracluster medium, which we find to be consistent with the electron temperature. In addition, we present a new measurement of the redshift of the brightest cluster galaxy NGC 1275.

KW - Galaxies: clusters: individual (Perseus)

KW - Galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium

KW - Galaxies: individual (NGC 1275)

KW - X-rays: galaxies: clusters

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071589087&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85071589087&partnerID=8YFLogxK

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85071589087

SN - 0004-6264

VL - 70

JO - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

JF - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

IS - 2

M1 - psx138

ER -

Atmospheric gas dynamics in the Perseus cluster observed with Hitomi

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