Black hole in the expanding universe with arbitrary power-law expansion

We present a time-dependent and spatially inhomogeneous solution that interpolates the extremal Reissner-Nordström (RN) black hole and the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe with arbitrary power-law expansion. It is an exact solution of the D-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton system, where two Abelian gauge fields couple to the dilaton with different coupling constants, and the dilaton field has a Liouville-type exponential potential. It is shown that the system satisfies the weak energy condition. The solution involves two harmonic functions on a (D-1)-dimensional Ricci-flat base space. In the case where the harmonics have a single-point source on the Euclidean space, we find that the spacetime describes a spherically symmetric charged black hole in the FLRW universe, which is characterized by three parameters: the steepness parameter of the dilaton potential nT, the U(1) charge Q, and the nonextremality τ. In contrast with the extremal RN solution, the spacetime admits a nondegenerate Killing horizon unless these parameters are finely tuned. The global spacetime structures are discussed in detail.