Characteristics of Family Interaction of Individuals with Hikikomori (Prolonged Social Withdrawal) From the Viewpoint of Behavior Theory

Shunsuke Nonaka; Hironori Shimada; Motohiro Sakai

doi:10.1111/jpr.12219

Characteristics of Family Interaction of Individuals with Hikikomori (Prolonged Social Withdrawal) From the Viewpoint of Behavior Theory

Shunsuke Nonaka^*, Hironori Shimada, Motohiro Sakai

^*Corresponding author for this work

School of Human Sciences

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The cognitive behavioral approach for families of individuals with hikikomori (IWH) places importance on assessing family interaction from a behavior theory. However, there is no gold standard method for the assessment of family interaction of IWH. Additionally, the characteristics of the family interactions of IWH have not been clarified. This study aims to (a) develop the Family Interaction Scale for Hikikomori (FIS-H) using parent-reported data, and (b) clarify the characteristics of hikikomori cases. First, the FIS-H factor structure was examined. Second, to examine the reliability and validity of the FIS-H and the characteristics of hikikomori cases, parents of IWH (hikikomori-group) and unaffected parents (without-group) completed the FIS-H and the Relationship Happiness Scale. Based on data from 146 parents, the FIS-H preliminary version consisted of four factors with a total of 12 items (Study 1). The reliability and validity of the FIS-H were also confirmed to be acceptable using data from 246 hikikomori-group participants. The hikikomori-group had higher FIS-H scores than did the without-group (Study 2). These results show that it is important to appropriately assess family interactions.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	153-165
Number of pages	13
Journal	Japanese Psychological Research
Volume	61
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12219
Publication status	Published - 2019 Jul

Keywords

behavior theory
families
family interaction
hikikomori
social withdrawal

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Psychology(all)

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10.1111/jpr.12219

Cite this

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title = "Characteristics of Family Interaction of Individuals with Hikikomori (Prolonged Social Withdrawal) From the Viewpoint of Behavior Theory",

abstract = "The cognitive behavioral approach for families of individuals with hikikomori (IWH) places importance on assessing family interaction from a behavior theory. However, there is no gold standard method for the assessment of family interaction of IWH. Additionally, the characteristics of the family interactions of IWH have not been clarified. This study aims to (a) develop the Family Interaction Scale for Hikikomori (FIS-H) using parent-reported data, and (b) clarify the characteristics of hikikomori cases. First, the FIS-H factor structure was examined. Second, to examine the reliability and validity of the FIS-H and the characteristics of hikikomori cases, parents of IWH (hikikomori-group) and unaffected parents (without-group) completed the FIS-H and the Relationship Happiness Scale. Based on data from 146 parents, the FIS-H preliminary version consisted of four factors with a total of 12 items (Study 1). The reliability and validity of the FIS-H were also confirmed to be acceptable using data from 246 hikikomori-group participants. The hikikomori-group had higher FIS-H scores than did the without-group (Study 2). These results show that it is important to appropriately assess family interactions.",

keywords = "behavior theory, families, family interaction, hikikomori, social withdrawal",

author = "Shunsuke Nonaka and Hironori Shimada and Motohiro Sakai",

note = "Funding Information: 1This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants JP16J10405 and JP20730447, and by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The funding source had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Japanese Psychological Association. Published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.",

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N1 - Funding Information: 1This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grants JP16J10405 and JP20730447, and by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The funding source had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the report, or the decision to submit the article for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 Japanese Psychological Association. Published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

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Characteristics of Family Interaction of Individuals with Hikikomori (Prolonged Social Withdrawal) From the Viewpoint of Behavior Theory

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