Abstract
Citric acid is one of the most widely used organic acids, and its annual worldwide output has reached 2.1 million ton in 2016. It is used as an acidulant and preservative in the food industries, and also used as a complexing agent and starting materials for functional compounds in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Citric acid is also used as a complexing and chelating agent in metal treatment, as a water softener for detergents, and as a buffering agent in toiletry and pharmaceutical industries. Citric acid is exclusively produced by fermentation with filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. The industrial production is performed using carbohydrates or agro-industrial residues as substrates by three different type processes: submerged, surface, and solid fermentations. This chapter provides advances in citric acid production by A. niger and application of citric acid in various fields.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Comprehensive Biotechnology |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Pages | 158-165 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780444640475 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780444640468 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2019 Jan 1 |
Keywords
- Aspergillus niger
- Candida lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica)
- Citric acid
- Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway
- Genome editing
- Metabolic engineering
- Protoplast fusion
- Solid fermentation process
- Submerged fermentation process
- Surface fermentation process
- Tricarboxylic acid cycle
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)