Considerations of time delays in information gathering, processing, decision-making and dispatching in power system operation

Information gathering, processing, decision-making and dispatching in power system operation are usually involved with time delays. The time delay can be a pure time delay due to the retarded movement of discrete-type controllers (e.g. On-Load Tap Changer). In some cases, the time delay can be a substitute for a delayed response of higher order dynamical systems, when an approximate, still meaningful treatment is needed for a concise and bird's-eye view type understanding of the stability problem where gains, time constants together with the time delay play a very important role. After basic investigations of the behaviour of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE's) with time delays, more concrete problems will be analyzed such as stability of OLTC's, coordination of steady-state and emergency-state oriented design of a controller.