Creation of controlled manganese and zinc compounds by reactive crystallization

In this article, manganese and zinc compound formation via reactive crystallization has been summarized. In this process, the metal sulfate solution was reacted with the sodium carbonate solution according to the double-jet method. Some particle properties such as crystal size, shape, agglomeration rate, and metal ion concentration in the effluent have been examined by controlling the pH in the initial reaction field, the concentration of the metal ions in the stock solution, or the flow rate of the solution. The size of formed manganese carbonate particles increases with an increase in the feeding speed and the metal ion concentration in stock solution. This is due to the fact that particle growth is strongly affected by the metal ion supersaturation in the reaction solution. Meanwhile, the manganese carbonate particle recovery rate increases with an increase in the feeding rate and a decrease in the metal ion concentration. The size of zinc oxide particles formed continuously changes with the initial pH. The above experiments indicate that the recovered crystal size and surface roughness, as well as the metal ion recovery rate and monodispersion, are controlled, to some extent, by regulating the reaction conditions.