TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of the positive automatic thoughts list (PAL)
AU - Shiraishi, Satoko
AU - Koshikawa, Fusako
AU - Nankai, Masahiro
AU - Domyo, Tomonori
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2007/8
Y1 - 2007/8
N2 - The present study developed and evaluated the Positive Automatic Thoughts List (PAL) to explore the roles and function of self-talk in a Japanese population in positive situations. In Study 1, 22 items were chosen to construct the PAL. Five factors were identified, I . Expressions of Positive Emotion, II. Positive Expectations of Future and Self, III. Positive Self-Evaluation, IV. Having Social Support, and V. Hope for Maintaining Positive Mood. All these factors had high degrees of internal consistency. Factors I and V have never been identified in previous studies, these factors may characterized Japanese positive automatic thoughts. In Study 2, the concurrent validity of the PAL was examined. The results showed that the PAL total scores were significantly correlated with the Self-rating Depression Scale (r= - .29) and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised (Positive: r=A6, Negative: r= - .16). Study 3 confirmed the clinical validity of the PAL, discriminating between healthy undergraduates and depressed outpatients. We discussed that Factor I could be closely related to the increase of positive affect and to the maintenance of depressive states.
AB - The present study developed and evaluated the Positive Automatic Thoughts List (PAL) to explore the roles and function of self-talk in a Japanese population in positive situations. In Study 1, 22 items were chosen to construct the PAL. Five factors were identified, I . Expressions of Positive Emotion, II. Positive Expectations of Future and Self, III. Positive Self-Evaluation, IV. Having Social Support, and V. Hope for Maintaining Positive Mood. All these factors had high degrees of internal consistency. Factors I and V have never been identified in previous studies, these factors may characterized Japanese positive automatic thoughts. In Study 2, the concurrent validity of the PAL was examined. The results showed that the PAL total scores were significantly correlated with the Self-rating Depression Scale (r= - .29) and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised (Positive: r=A6, Negative: r= - .16). Study 3 confirmed the clinical validity of the PAL, discriminating between healthy undergraduates and depressed outpatients. We discussed that Factor I could be closely related to the increase of positive affect and to the maintenance of depressive states.
KW - Depression
KW - Positive automatic thoughts
KW - Positive emotions
KW - Scales
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U2 - 10.4992/jjpsy.78.252
DO - 10.4992/jjpsy.78.252
M3 - Article
C2 - 17892022
AN - SCOPUS:35548958150
SN - 0021-5236
VL - 78
SP - 252
EP - 259
JO - Shinrigaku Kenkyu
JF - Shinrigaku Kenkyu
IS - 3
ER -