Evaluation of residential power supply by photovoltaics and electric vehicles

Since electric vehicles (EV) have large capacities, EVs are expected to be home battery devices if they work with Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) to store photovoltaic (PV) surplus power. To design energy systems for residential areas including EV, V2H, and PV, it is essential to know the features of houses which can expect the benefit of V2H. The objective of this paper is to analyze the potential of installing V2H at each house level considering the variation of power demand and the EV absence schedule. First, mathematical models of the energy system were formulated to optimize equipment configurations or capacities, and their operation. Then, the sensitivity analysis on the price of V2H device was conducted to estimate the competitive price of V2H. Moreover, the effects of the maximum capacity of PV were also considered in the analysis. The results showed that households with higher power demand or the larger capacity of PV had a higher potential of installing V2H. Furthermore, the EV absence time had a greater impact on the installation of V2H when the power demand was lower, or the capacity of PV was larger.