Examination of the extinction process of ionic vacancy by the cyclotron MHD electrode

From the lifetime measurement of ionic vacancy with a new type of electrode called cyclotron magnetohydrodynamic electrode (MHDE), two extinction processes of ionic vacancy were clarified; one is the decay to the initial state, and the other is the conversion to nanobubbles with the collision of the ionic vacancies. As a result, in copper electrodeposition, the formation time of the nanobubble was obtained as 0.072 s, whereas the intrinsic lifetime of the ionic vacancy without collision was determined as 8.6 s. Then, the creation-extinction process of the ionic vacancy in the diffusion layer was calculated, so that it was concluded that ionic vacancies act as lubricant with a network structure without diffusion, and the frictionless sliding of the solution begins at a constant vacancy concentration of 1.73 ± 0.36 mol m^-3.