TY - JOUR
T1 - Genetic polymorphisms related to muscular strength and flexibility are associated with artistic gymnastic performance in the Japanese population
AU - Kumagai, Hiroshi
AU - Kaneko, Tomoko
AU - Shintake, Yuko
AU - Miyamoto-Mikami, Eri
AU - Tomita, Hiroyuki
AU - Fukuo, Makoto
AU - Kawai, Wataru
AU - Harada, Mutsumi
AU - Kikuchi, Naoki
AU - Kamiya, Nobuhiro
AU - Hirata, Kosuke
AU - Zempo, Hirofumi
AU - Maeda, Seiji
AU - Miyamoto, Naokazu
AU - Fuku, Noriyuki
N1 - Funding Information:
K.R.D. gratefully acknowledges the National Science Foundation (NSF CHE-9906583) and the Welch Foundation for support of this work and NSF for funding the CCD di!ractometer (CHE-9807975) and the SQUID instrumentation (NSF-9974899). This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y TecnologmH a (Grants MAT98-0880 and 1FD97-1765).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - This study aimed to examine how genetic polymorphisms related to muscular strength and flexibility influence artistic gymnastic performance in an attempt to identify a novel polymorphism associated with flexibility. In study 1, the passive straight-leg-raise (PSLR) score and aromatase gene CYP19A1 rs936306 polymorphism, a key enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, were assessed in 278 individuals. In study 2, athletes (281 gymnasts and 1908 other athletes) were asked about their competition level, and gymnasts were assessed using the difficulty score (D-score) for each event. Muscular strength- (ACTN3 R577X rs1815739 and ACE I/D rs4341) and flexibility-related (ESR1 rs2234693 T/C and CYP19A1 rs936306 C/T) genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. In study 1, males with the CYP19A1 CT + TT genotype showed significantly higher PSLR scores than those with the CC genotype. In study 2, male gymnasts with the R allele of ACTN3 R577X showed a correlation with the floor, rings, vault, and total D-scores. In addition, male gymnasts with the C allele of ESR1 T/C and T allele of CYP19A1 C/T polymorphisms were correlated with the pommel horse, parallel bars, horizontal bar, and total D-scores. Furthermore, genotype scores of these three polymorphisms correlated with the total D-scores and competition levels in male gymnasts. In contrast, no such associations were observed in female gymnasts. Our findings suggest that muscular strength- and flexibility-related polymorphisms play important roles in achieving high performance in male artistic gymnastics by specifically influencing the performance of events that require muscular strength and flexibility, respectively. Highlights Estrogen-related CYP19A1 polymorphism is a novel determinant of flexibility in males. Muscular strength- and flexibility-related polymorphisms play important roles in high performance in male artistic gymnastics. Genotypes of ACTN3 R577X, ESR1 rs2234693, and CYP19A1 rs936306 may contribute to training plan optimization and event selection in artistic gymnastics.
AB - This study aimed to examine how genetic polymorphisms related to muscular strength and flexibility influence artistic gymnastic performance in an attempt to identify a novel polymorphism associated with flexibility. In study 1, the passive straight-leg-raise (PSLR) score and aromatase gene CYP19A1 rs936306 polymorphism, a key enzyme for estrogen biosynthesis, were assessed in 278 individuals. In study 2, athletes (281 gymnasts and 1908 other athletes) were asked about their competition level, and gymnasts were assessed using the difficulty score (D-score) for each event. Muscular strength- (ACTN3 R577X rs1815739 and ACE I/D rs4341) and flexibility-related (ESR1 rs2234693 T/C and CYP19A1 rs936306 C/T) genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. In study 1, males with the CYP19A1 CT + TT genotype showed significantly higher PSLR scores than those with the CC genotype. In study 2, male gymnasts with the R allele of ACTN3 R577X showed a correlation with the floor, rings, vault, and total D-scores. In addition, male gymnasts with the C allele of ESR1 T/C and T allele of CYP19A1 C/T polymorphisms were correlated with the pommel horse, parallel bars, horizontal bar, and total D-scores. Furthermore, genotype scores of these three polymorphisms correlated with the total D-scores and competition levels in male gymnasts. In contrast, no such associations were observed in female gymnasts. Our findings suggest that muscular strength- and flexibility-related polymorphisms play important roles in achieving high performance in male artistic gymnastics by specifically influencing the performance of events that require muscular strength and flexibility, respectively. Highlights Estrogen-related CYP19A1 polymorphism is a novel determinant of flexibility in males. Muscular strength- and flexibility-related polymorphisms play important roles in high performance in male artistic gymnastics. Genotypes of ACTN3 R577X, ESR1 rs2234693, and CYP19A1 rs936306 may contribute to training plan optimization and event selection in artistic gymnastics.
KW - cytochrome P450 aromatase
KW - difficulty score
KW - estrogen receptor α
KW - gymnast
KW - single nucleotide polymorphism
KW - α-actinin-3
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U2 - 10.1080/17461391.2022.2078741
DO - 10.1080/17461391.2022.2078741
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85131767110
SN - 1746-1391
JO - European Journal of Sport Science
JF - European Journal of Sport Science
ER -