Ground Improvement by the Freezing Method for Underground Space Utilization

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• ground improvement 100%
• freezing 67%
• tunnel 26%
• ground freezing 22%
• study application 19%
• suburb 16%
• method 16%
• thawing 16%
• sealing 15%
• stiffness 14%
• water table 13%
• pipe 11%
• water 9%
• project 7%
• soil 6%
• effect 3%

Physics & Astronomy

• freezing 76%
• water pressure 34%
• tunnels 23%
• water tables 22%
• routes 20%
• sealing 14%
• closing 14%
• soils 13%
• stiffness 10%
• melting 9%
• expansion 7%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Freezing 81%
• Tunnels 20%
• Thawing 16%
• Groundwater 14%
• Water 13%
• Seals 11%
• Soils 9%
• Pipe 9%
• Stiffness 8%