In-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)

Kouichi Hagino; Kazuhiro Nakazawa; Goro Sato; Motohide Kokubun; Teruaki Enoto; Yasushi Fukazawa; Katsuhiro Hayashi; Jun Kataoka; Junichiro Katsuta; Shogo B. Kobayashi; Philippe Laurent; Francois Lebrun; Olivier Limousin; Daniel Maier; Kazuo Makishima; Taketo Mimura; Katsuma Miyake; Tsunefumi Mizuno; Kunishiro Mori; Hiroaki Murakami; Takeshi Nakamori; Toshio Nakano; Hirofumi Noda; Hirokazu Odaka; Masanori Ohno; Masayuki Ohta; Shinya Saito; Rie Sato; Hiroyasu Tajima; Hiromitsu Takahashi; Tadayuki Takahashi; Shin'ichiro Takeda; Takaaki Tanaka; Yukikatsu Terada; Hideki Uchiyama; Yasunobu Uchiyama; Shin Watanabe; Kazutaka Yamaoka; Yoichi Yatsu; Takayuki Yuasa

doi:10.1117/1.JATIS.4.2.021409

In-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)

Kouichi Hagino^*, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Goro Sato, Motohide Kokubun, Teruaki Enoto, Yasushi Fukazawa, Katsuhiro Hayashi, Jun Kataoka, Junichiro Katsuta, Shogo B. Kobayashi, Philippe Laurent, Francois Lebrun, Olivier Limousin, Daniel Maier, Kazuo Makishima, Taketo Mimura, Katsuma Miyake, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Kunishiro Mori, Hiroaki MurakamiTakeshi Nakamori, Toshio Nakano, Hirofumi Noda, Hirokazu Odaka, Masanori Ohno, Masayuki Ohta, Shinya Saito, Rie Sato, Hiroyasu Tajima, Hiromitsu Takahashi, Tadayuki Takahashi, Shin'ichiro Takeda, Takaaki Tanaka, Yukikatsu Terada, Hideki Uchiyama, Yasunobu Uchiyama, Shin Watanabe, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Yoichi Yatsu, Takayuki Yuasa

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H) is an imaging spectrometer covering hard x-ray energies of 5 to 80 keV. Combined with the Hard X-ray Telescope, it enables imaging spectroscopy with an angular resolution of 1⁰.7 half-power diameter, in a field of view of 9' × 9'. The main imager is composed of four layers of Si detectors and one layer of CdTe detector, stacked to cover a wide energy band up to 80 keV, surrounded by an active shield made of Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ scintillator to reduce the background. The HXI started observations 12 days before the Hitomi loss and successfully obtained data from G21.5-0.9, Crab, and blank sky. Utilizing these data, we calibrate the detector response and study properties of in-orbit background. The observed Crab spectra agree well with a powerlaw model convolved with the detector response, within 5% accuracy. We find that albedo electrons in specified orbit strongly affect the background of the Si top layer and establish a screening method to reduce it. The background level over the full field of view after all the processing and screening is as low as the preflight requirement of 1 - 3 × 10^-4 counts s^-1 cm^-2 keV^-1.

Original language	English
Article number	021409
Journal	Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
Volume	4
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.4.2.021409
Publication status	Published - 2018 Apr 1

Keywords

Astronomy
Imaging
Satellites
Semiconductors
Spectroscopy
X-rays

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Control and Systems Engineering
Instrumentation
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Mechanical Engineering
Space and Planetary Science

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10.1117/1.JATIS.4.2.021409

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Hagino, K., Nakazawa, K., Sato, G., Kokubun, M., Enoto, T., Fukazawa, Y., Hayashi, K., Kataoka, J., Katsuta, J., Kobayashi, S. B., Laurent, P., Lebrun, F., Limousin, O., Maier, D., Makishima, K., Mimura, T., Miyake, K., Mizuno, T., Mori, K., ... Yuasa, T. (2018). In-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H). Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, 4(2), Article 021409. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.4.2.021409

Hagino, K, Nakazawa, K, Sato, G, Kokubun, M, Enoto, T, Fukazawa, Y, Hayashi, K, Kataoka, J, Katsuta, J, Kobayashi, SB, Laurent, P, Lebrun, F, Limousin, O, Maier, D, Makishima, K, Mimura, T, Miyake, K, Mizuno, T, Mori, K, Murakami, H, Nakamori, T, Nakano, T, Noda, H, Odaka, H, Ohno, M, Ohta, M, Saito, S, Sato, R, Tajima, H, Takahashi, H, Takahashi, T, Takeda, S, Tanaka, T, Terada, Y, Uchiyama, H, Uchiyama, Y, Watanabe, S, Yamaoka, K, Yatsu, Y & Yuasa, T 2018, 'In-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)', Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems, vol. 4, no. 2, 021409. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JATIS.4.2.021409

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title = "In-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)",

abstract = "The Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H) is an imaging spectrometer covering hard x-ray energies of 5 to 80 keV. Combined with the Hard X-ray Telescope, it enables imaging spectroscopy with an angular resolution of 10.7 half-power diameter, in a field of view of 9' × 9'. The main imager is composed of four layers of Si detectors and one layer of CdTe detector, stacked to cover a wide energy band up to 80 keV, surrounded by an active shield made of Bi4Ge3O12 scintillator to reduce the background. The HXI started observations 12 days before the Hitomi loss and successfully obtained data from G21.5-0.9, Crab, and blank sky. Utilizing these data, we calibrate the detector response and study properties of in-orbit background. The observed Crab spectra agree well with a powerlaw model convolved with the detector response, within 5% accuracy. We find that albedo electrons in specified orbit strongly affect the background of the Si top layer and establish a screening method to reduce it. The background level over the full field of view after all the processing and screening is as low as the preflight requirement of 1 - 3 × 10-4 counts s-1 cm-2 keV-1.",

keywords = "Astronomy, Imaging, Satellites, Semiconductors, Spectroscopy, X-rays",

author = "Kouichi Hagino and Kazuhiro Nakazawa and Goro Sato and Motohide Kokubun and Teruaki Enoto and Yasushi Fukazawa and Katsuhiro Hayashi and Jun Kataoka and Junichiro Katsuta and Kobayashi, {Shogo B.} and Philippe Laurent and Francois Lebrun and Olivier Limousin and Daniel Maier and Kazuo Makishima and Taketo Mimura and Katsuma Miyake and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Kunishiro Mori and Hiroaki Murakami and Takeshi Nakamori and Toshio Nakano and Hirofumi Noda and Hirokazu Odaka and Masanori Ohno and Masayuki Ohta and Shinya Saito and Rie Sato and Hiroyasu Tajima and Hiromitsu Takahashi and Tadayuki Takahashi and Shin'ichiro Takeda and Takaaki Tanaka and Yukikatsu Terada and Hideki Uchiyama and Yasunobu Uchiyama and Shin Watanabe and Kazutaka Yamaoka and Yoichi Yatsu and Takayuki Yuasa",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge all the Hitomi team members, including many graduate students, for their great contributions to the HXI and the Hitomi project. We acknowledge support from the JSPS/ MEXT KAKENHI Grant Nos. 24105007, 15H03639, 25287059, and 24244014 and the JSPS Core-to-Core Program. All U.S. members acknowledge support through the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Stanford and SLAC members acknowledge support via DoE contract to SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory DE-AC3-76SF00515 and NASA Grant No. NNX15AM19G. French members acknowledge support from the Centre National d{\textquoteright}Etudes Spatiales. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Authors.",

year = "2018",

month = apr,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1117/1.JATIS.4.2.021409",

language = "English",

volume = "4",

journal = "Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems",

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T1 - In-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)

AU - Hagino, Kouichi

AU - Nakazawa, Kazuhiro

AU - Sato, Goro

AU - Kokubun, Motohide

AU - Enoto, Teruaki

AU - Fukazawa, Yasushi

AU - Hayashi, Katsuhiro

AU - Kataoka, Jun

AU - Katsuta, Junichiro

AU - Kobayashi, Shogo B.

AU - Laurent, Philippe

AU - Lebrun, Francois

AU - Limousin, Olivier

AU - Maier, Daniel

AU - Makishima, Kazuo

AU - Mimura, Taketo

AU - Miyake, Katsuma

AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi

AU - Mori, Kunishiro

AU - Murakami, Hiroaki

AU - Nakamori, Takeshi

AU - Nakano, Toshio

AU - Noda, Hirofumi

AU - Odaka, Hirokazu

AU - Ohno, Masanori

AU - Ohta, Masayuki

AU - Saito, Shinya

AU - Sato, Rie

AU - Tajima, Hiroyasu

AU - Takahashi, Hiromitsu

AU - Takahashi, Tadayuki

AU - Takeda, Shin'ichiro

AU - Tanaka, Takaaki

AU - Terada, Yukikatsu

AU - Uchiyama, Hideki

AU - Uchiyama, Yasunobu

AU - Watanabe, Shin

AU - Yamaoka, Kazutaka

AU - Yatsu, Yoichi

AU - Yuasa, Takayuki

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge all the Hitomi team members, including many graduate students, for their great contributions to the HXI and the Hitomi project. We acknowledge support from the JSPS/ MEXT KAKENHI Grant Nos. 24105007, 15H03639, 25287059, and 24244014 and the JSPS Core-to-Core Program. All U.S. members acknowledge support through the NASA Science Mission Directorate. Stanford and SLAC members acknowledge support via DoE contract to SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory DE-AC3-76SF00515 and NASA Grant No. NNX15AM19G. French members acknowledge support from the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales. Publisher Copyright: © The Authors.

PY - 2018/4/1

Y1 - 2018/4/1

N2 - The Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H) is an imaging spectrometer covering hard x-ray energies of 5 to 80 keV. Combined with the Hard X-ray Telescope, it enables imaging spectroscopy with an angular resolution of 10.7 half-power diameter, in a field of view of 9' × 9'. The main imager is composed of four layers of Si detectors and one layer of CdTe detector, stacked to cover a wide energy band up to 80 keV, surrounded by an active shield made of Bi4Ge3O12 scintillator to reduce the background. The HXI started observations 12 days before the Hitomi loss and successfully obtained data from G21.5-0.9, Crab, and blank sky. Utilizing these data, we calibrate the detector response and study properties of in-orbit background. The observed Crab spectra agree well with a powerlaw model convolved with the detector response, within 5% accuracy. We find that albedo electrons in specified orbit strongly affect the background of the Si top layer and establish a screening method to reduce it. The background level over the full field of view after all the processing and screening is as low as the preflight requirement of 1 - 3 × 10-4 counts s-1 cm-2 keV-1.

AB - The Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H) is an imaging spectrometer covering hard x-ray energies of 5 to 80 keV. Combined with the Hard X-ray Telescope, it enables imaging spectroscopy with an angular resolution of 10.7 half-power diameter, in a field of view of 9' × 9'. The main imager is composed of four layers of Si detectors and one layer of CdTe detector, stacked to cover a wide energy band up to 80 keV, surrounded by an active shield made of Bi4Ge3O12 scintillator to reduce the background. The HXI started observations 12 days before the Hitomi loss and successfully obtained data from G21.5-0.9, Crab, and blank sky. Utilizing these data, we calibrate the detector response and study properties of in-orbit background. The observed Crab spectra agree well with a powerlaw model convolved with the detector response, within 5% accuracy. We find that albedo electrons in specified orbit strongly affect the background of the Si top layer and establish a screening method to reduce it. The background level over the full field of view after all the processing and screening is as low as the preflight requirement of 1 - 3 × 10-4 counts s-1 cm-2 keV-1.

KW - Astronomy

KW - Imaging

KW - Satellites

KW - Semiconductors

KW - Spectroscopy

KW - X-rays

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JO - Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems

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ER -

In-orbit performance and calibration of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard Hitomi (ASTRO-H)

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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