Influence of Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet-III Air Shower Array

M. Amenomori; X. J. Bi; D. Chen; T. L. Chen; W. Y. Chen; S. W. Cui; Danzengluobu; L. K. Ding; C. F. Feng; Zhaoyang Feng; Z. Y. Feng; Q. B. Gou; Y. Q. Guo; H. H. He; Z. T. He; K. Hibino; N. Hotta; Haibing Hu; H. B. Hu; J. Huang; H. Y. Jia; L. Jiang; F. Kajino; K. Kasahara; Y. Katayose; C. Kato; K. Kawata; M. Kozai; Labaciren; G. M. Le; A. F. Li; H. J. Li; W. J. Li; C. Liu; J. S. Liu; M. Y. Liu; H. Lu; X. R. Meng; T. Miyazaki; K. Munakata; T. Nakajima; Y. Nakamura; H. Nanjo; M. Nishizawa; T. Niwa; M. Ohnishi; I. Ohta; Shunsuke Ozawa; X. L. Qian; X. B. Qu; T. Saito; T. Y. Saito; M. Sakata; T. K. Sako; J. Shao; M. Shibata; A. Shiomi; T. Shirai; H. Sugimoto; M. Takita; Y. H. Tan; N. Tateyama; Shoji Torii; H. Tsuchiya; S. Udo; H. Wang; H. R. Wu; L. Xue; Y. Yamamoto; K. Yamauchi; Z. Yang; A. F. Yuan; L. M. Zhai; H. M. Zhang; J. L. Zhang; X. Y. Zhang; Y. Zhang; Yi Zhang; Ying Zhang; Zhaxisangzhu; X. X. Zhou

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aac2e6

Influence of Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet-III Air Shower Array

M. Amenomori, X. J. Bi, D. Chen, T. L. Chen, W. Y. Chen, S. W. Cui, Danzengluobu, L. K. Ding, C. F. Feng, Zhaoyang Feng, Z. Y. Feng, Q. B. Gou, Y. Q. Guo, H. H. He, Z. T. He, K. Hibino, N. Hotta, Haibing Hu, H. B. Hu, J. HuangH. Y. Jia, L. Jiang, F. Kajino, K. Kasahara, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, K. Kawata, M. Kozai, Labaciren, G. M. Le, A. F. Li, H. J. Li, W. J. Li, C. Liu, J. S. Liu, M. Y. Liu, H. Lu, X. R. Meng, T. Miyazaki, K. Munakata, T. Nakajima, Y. Nakamura, H. Nanjo, M. Nishizawa, T. Niwa, M. Ohnishi, I. Ohta, Shunsuke Ozawa, X. L. Qian, X. B. Qu, T. Saito, T. Y. Saito, M. Sakata, T. K. Sako, J. Shao, M. Shibata, A. Shiomi, T. Shirai, H. Sugimoto, M. Takita, Y. H. Tan, N. Tateyama, Shoji Torii, H. Tsuchiya, S. Udo, H. Wang, H. R. Wu, L. Xue, Y. Yamamoto, K. Yamauchi, Z. Yang, A. F. Yuan, L. M. Zhai, H. M. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Yi Zhang, Ying Zhang, Zhaxisangzhu, X. X. Zhou

Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We examine the possible influence of Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (ECMEs) on the Sun's shadow in the 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity observed by the Tibet-III air shower (AS) array. We confirm a clear solar-cycle variation of the intensity deficit in the Sun's shadow during ten years between 2000 and 2009. This solar-cycle variation is overall reproduced by our Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the Sun's shadow based on the potential field model of the solar magnetic field averaged over each solar rotation period. We find, however, that the magnitude of the observed intensity deficit in the Sun's shadow is significantly less than that predicted by MC simulations, particularly during the period around solar maximum when a significant number of ECMEs is recorded. The χ ² tests of the agreement between the observations and the MC simulations show that the difference is larger during the periods when the ECMEs occur, and the difference is reduced if the periods of ECMEs are excluded from the analysis. This suggests the first experimental evidence of the ECMEs affecting the Sun's shadow observed in the 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity.

Original language	English
Article number	13
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	860
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac2e6
Publication status	Published - 2018 Jun 10

Keywords

cosmic rays
magnetic fields
Sun: activity
Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Astronomy and Astrophysics
Space and Planetary Science

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10.3847/1538-4357/aac2e6

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Amenomori, M., Bi, X. J., Chen, D., Chen, T. L., Chen, W. Y., Cui, S. W., Danzengluobu, Ding, L. K., Feng, C. F., Feng, Z., Feng, Z. Y., Gou, Q. B., Guo, Y. Q., He, H. H., He, Z. T., Hibino, K., Hotta, N., Hu, H., Hu, H. B., ... Zhou, X. X. (2018). Influence of Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet-III Air Shower Array. Astrophysical Journal, 860(1), Article 13. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac2e6

Amenomori, M, Bi, XJ, Chen, D, Chen, TL, Chen, WY, Cui, SW, Danzengluobu, Ding, LK, Feng, CF, Feng, Z, Feng, ZY, Gou, QB, Guo, YQ, He, HH, He, ZT, Hibino, K, Hotta, N, Hu, H, Hu, HB, Huang, J, Jia, HY, Jiang, L, Kajino, F, Kasahara, K, Katayose, Y, Kato, C, Kawata, K, Kozai, M, Labaciren, Le, GM, Li, AF, Li, HJ, Li, WJ, Liu, C, Liu, JS, Liu, MY, Lu, H, Meng, XR, Miyazaki, T, Munakata, K, Nakajima, T, Nakamura, Y, Nanjo, H, Nishizawa, M, Niwa, T, Ohnishi, M, Ohta, I, Ozawa, S, Qian, XL, Qu, XB, Saito, T, Saito, TY, Sakata, M, Sako, TK, Shao, J, Shibata, M, Shiomi, A, Shirai, T, Sugimoto, H, Takita, M, Tan, YH, Tateyama, N, Torii, S, Tsuchiya, H, Udo, S, Wang, H, Wu, HR, Xue, L, Yamamoto, Y, Yamauchi, K, Yang, Z, Yuan, AF, Zhai, LM, Zhang, HM, Zhang, JL, Zhang, XY, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Y, Zhaxisangzhu & Zhou, XX 2018, 'Influence of Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet-III Air Shower Array', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 860, no. 1, 13. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aac2e6

@article{18b91e91cbe546cb801cba657d5acc11,

title = "Influence of Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet-III Air Shower Array",

abstract = "We examine the possible influence of Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (ECMEs) on the Sun's shadow in the 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity observed by the Tibet-III air shower (AS) array. We confirm a clear solar-cycle variation of the intensity deficit in the Sun's shadow during ten years between 2000 and 2009. This solar-cycle variation is overall reproduced by our Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the Sun's shadow based on the potential field model of the solar magnetic field averaged over each solar rotation period. We find, however, that the magnitude of the observed intensity deficit in the Sun's shadow is significantly less than that predicted by MC simulations, particularly during the period around solar maximum when a significant number of ECMEs is recorded. The χ 2 tests of the agreement between the observations and the MC simulations show that the difference is larger during the periods when the ECMEs occur, and the difference is reduced if the periods of ECMEs are excluded from the analysis. This suggests the first experimental evidence of the ECMEs affecting the Sun's shadow observed in the 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity.",

keywords = "cosmic rays, magnetic fields, Sun: activity, Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)",

author = "M. Amenomori and Bi, {X. J.} and D. Chen and Chen, {T. L.} and Chen, {W. Y.} and Cui, {S. W.} and Danzengluobu and Ding, {L. K.} and Feng, {C. F.} and Zhaoyang Feng and Feng, {Z. Y.} and Gou, {Q. B.} and Guo, {Y. Q.} and He, {H. H.} and He, {Z. T.} and K. Hibino and N. Hotta and Haibing Hu and Hu, {H. B.} and J. Huang and Jia, {H. Y.} and L. Jiang and F. Kajino and K. Kasahara and Y. Katayose and C. Kato and K. Kawata and M. Kozai and Labaciren and Le, {G. M.} and Li, {A. F.} and Li, {H. J.} and Li, {W. J.} and C. Liu and Liu, {J. S.} and Liu, {M. Y.} and H. Lu and Meng, {X. R.} and T. Miyazaki and K. Munakata and T. Nakajima and Y. Nakamura and H. Nanjo and M. Nishizawa and T. Niwa and M. Ohnishi and I. Ohta and Shunsuke Ozawa and Qian, {X. L.} and Qu, {X. B.} and T. Saito and Saito, {T. Y.} and M. Sakata and Sako, {T. K.} and J. Shao and M. Shibata and A. Shiomi and T. Shirai and H. Sugimoto and M. Takita and Tan, {Y. H.} and N. Tateyama and Shoji Torii and H. Tsuchiya and S. Udo and H. Wang and Wu, {H. R.} and L. Xue and Y. Yamamoto and K. Yamauchi and Z. Yang and Yuan, {A. F.} and Zhai, {L. M.} and Zhang, {H. M.} and Zhang, {J. L.} and Zhang, {X. Y.} and Y. Zhang and Yi Zhang and Ying Zhang and Zhaxisangzhu and Zhou, {X. X.}",

year = "2018",

month = jun,

day = "10",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/aac2e6",

language = "English",

volume = "860",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Influence of Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet-III Air Shower Array

AU - Amenomori, M.

AU - Bi, X. J.

AU - Chen, D.

AU - Chen, T. L.

AU - Chen, W. Y.

AU - Cui, S. W.

AU - Danzengluobu,

AU - Ding, L. K.

AU - Feng, C. F.

AU - Feng, Zhaoyang

AU - Feng, Z. Y.

AU - Gou, Q. B.

AU - Guo, Y. Q.

AU - He, H. H.

AU - He, Z. T.

AU - Hibino, K.

AU - Hotta, N.

AU - Hu, Haibing

AU - Hu, H. B.

AU - Huang, J.

AU - Jia, H. Y.

AU - Jiang, L.

AU - Kajino, F.

AU - Kasahara, K.

AU - Katayose, Y.

AU - Kato, C.

AU - Kawata, K.

AU - Kozai, M.

AU - Labaciren,

AU - Le, G. M.

AU - Li, A. F.

AU - Li, H. J.

AU - Li, W. J.

AU - Liu, C.

AU - Liu, J. S.

AU - Liu, M. Y.

AU - Lu, H.

AU - Meng, X. R.

AU - Miyazaki, T.

AU - Munakata, K.

AU - Nakajima, T.

AU - Nakamura, Y.

AU - Nanjo, H.

AU - Nishizawa, M.

AU - Niwa, T.

AU - Ohnishi, M.

AU - Ohta, I.

AU - Ozawa, Shunsuke

AU - Qian, X. L.

AU - Qu, X. B.

AU - Saito, T.

AU - Saito, T. Y.

AU - Sakata, M.

AU - Sako, T. K.

AU - Shao, J.

AU - Shibata, M.

AU - Shiomi, A.

AU - Shirai, T.

AU - Sugimoto, H.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Tan, Y. H.

AU - Tateyama, N.

AU - Torii, Shoji

AU - Tsuchiya, H.

AU - Udo, S.

AU - Wang, H.

AU - Wu, H. R.

AU - Xue, L.

AU - Yamamoto, Y.

AU - Yamauchi, K.

AU - Yang, Z.

AU - Yuan, A. F.

AU - Zhai, L. M.

AU - Zhang, H. M.

AU - Zhang, J. L.

AU - Zhang, X. Y.

AU - Zhang, Y.

AU - Zhang, Yi

AU - Zhang, Ying

AU - Zhaxisangzhu,

AU - Zhou, X. X.

PY - 2018/6/10

Y1 - 2018/6/10

N2 - We examine the possible influence of Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (ECMEs) on the Sun's shadow in the 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity observed by the Tibet-III air shower (AS) array. We confirm a clear solar-cycle variation of the intensity deficit in the Sun's shadow during ten years between 2000 and 2009. This solar-cycle variation is overall reproduced by our Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the Sun's shadow based on the potential field model of the solar magnetic field averaged over each solar rotation period. We find, however, that the magnitude of the observed intensity deficit in the Sun's shadow is significantly less than that predicted by MC simulations, particularly during the period around solar maximum when a significant number of ECMEs is recorded. The χ 2 tests of the agreement between the observations and the MC simulations show that the difference is larger during the periods when the ECMEs occur, and the difference is reduced if the periods of ECMEs are excluded from the analysis. This suggests the first experimental evidence of the ECMEs affecting the Sun's shadow observed in the 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity.

AB - We examine the possible influence of Earth-directed coronal mass ejections (ECMEs) on the Sun's shadow in the 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity observed by the Tibet-III air shower (AS) array. We confirm a clear solar-cycle variation of the intensity deficit in the Sun's shadow during ten years between 2000 and 2009. This solar-cycle variation is overall reproduced by our Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of the Sun's shadow based on the potential field model of the solar magnetic field averaged over each solar rotation period. We find, however, that the magnitude of the observed intensity deficit in the Sun's shadow is significantly less than that predicted by MC simulations, particularly during the period around solar maximum when a significant number of ECMEs is recorded. The χ 2 tests of the agreement between the observations and the MC simulations show that the difference is larger during the periods when the ECMEs occur, and the difference is reduced if the periods of ECMEs are excluded from the analysis. This suggests the first experimental evidence of the ECMEs affecting the Sun's shadow observed in the 3 TeV cosmic-ray intensity.

KW - cosmic rays

KW - magnetic fields

KW - Sun: activity

KW - Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049189016&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85049189016&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/aac2e6

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/aac2e6

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85049189016

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 860

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

IS - 1

M1 - 13

ER -

Influence of Earth-directed Coronal Mass Ejections on the Sun's Shadow Observed by the Tibet-III Air Shower Array

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