@article{6576b0def40341f1bc094a57a703670b,
title = "Measurement of the flux and zenith-angle distribution of upward throughgoing muons by super-kamiokande",
abstract = "A total of 614 upward throughgoing muons of minimum energy 1.6 GeV are observed by Super-Kamiokande during 537 detector live days. The measured muon flux is [1.74±0.07(stat)±0.02(sys)]×10-13cm-2s-1sr-1 compared to an expected flux of [1.97±0.44(theor)]×10-13cm-2s-1sr-1. The absolute measured flux is in agreement with the prediction within the errors. However, the zenith-angle dependence of the observed upward throughgoing muon flux does not agree with no-oscillation predictions. The observed distortion in shape is consistent with the vμ⟷vτ oscillation hypothesis with sin22θ> 0.4 and 1×10-3Δm2<1×10-1eV2 at 90% confidence level.",
author = "{The Super-Kamiokande Collaboration} and Y. Fukuda and T. Hayakawa and E. Ichihara and K. Inoue and K. Ishihara and H. Ishino and Y. Itow and T. Kajita and J. Kameda and S. Kasuga and K. Kobayashi and Y. Kobayashi and Y. Koshio and M. Miura and M. Nakahata and S. Nakayama and A. Okada and K. Okumura and N. Sakurai and M. Shiozawa and Y. Suzuki and Y. Takeuchi and Y. Totsuka and S. Yamada and M. Earl and A. Habig and E. Kearns and Messier, {M. D.} and K. Scholberg and Stone, {J. L.} and Sulak, {L. R.} and Walter, {C. W.} and M. Goldhaber and T. Barszczak and D. Casper and W. Gajewski and Kropp, {W. R.} and Price, {L. R.} and F. Reines and M. Smy and Sobel, {H. W.} and Vagins, {M. R.} and Haines, {T. J.} and D. Kielczewska and Ganezer, {K. S.} and Keig, {W. E.} and Ellsworth, {R. W.} and S. Tasaka and Flanagan, {J. W.} and A. Kibayashi",
year = "1999",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.82.2644",
language = "English",
volume = "82",
pages = "2644--2648",
journal = "Physical Review Letters",
issn = "0031-9007",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "13",
}