Metrics, statistics, tests

This lecture is intended to serve as an introduction to Information Retrieval (IR) effectiveness metrics and their usage in IR experiments using test collections. Evaluation metrics are important because they are inexpensive tools for monitoring technological advances. This lecture covers a wide variety of IR metrics (except for those designed for XML retrieval, as there is a separature lecture dedicated to this topic) and discusses some methods for evaluating evaluation metrics. It also briefly covers computer-based statistical significance testing. The takeaways for IR experimenters are: (1) It is important to understand the properties of IR metrics and choose or design appropriate ones for the task at hand; (2) Computer-based statistical significance tests are simple and useful, although statistical significance does not necessarily imply practical significance, and statistical insignificance does not necessarily imply practical insignificance; and (3) Several methods exist for discussing which metrics are "good," although none of them is perfect.