TY - JOUR
T1 - Model inter-comparison for PM2.5 Components over urban areas in Japan in the J-STREAM framework
AU - Yamaji, Kazuyo
AU - Chatani, Satoru
AU - Itahashi, Syuichi
AU - Saito, Masahiko
AU - Takigawa, Masayuki
AU - Morikawa, Tazuko
AU - Kanda, Isao
AU - Miya, Yukako
AU - Komatsu, Hiroaki
AU - Sakurai, Tatsuya
AU - Morino, Yu
AU - Kitayama, Kyo
AU - Nagashima, Tatsuya
AU - Shimadera, Hikari
AU - Uranishi, Katsushige
AU - Fujiwara, Yuzuru
AU - Hashimoto, Tomoaki
AU - Sudo, Kengo
AU - Misaki, Takeshi
AU - Hayami, Hiroshi
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (5-1601) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18H03369, and the Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University.
Funding Information:
This research was funded by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (5-1601) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18H03369, and the Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University. This project was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (5-1601) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency. This work was also partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18H03369. Monitoring data of APMSs were obtained from National Institute for Environmental Studies. This work was supported in part by the Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University.
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: This project was supported by the Environment Research and Technology Development Fund (5-1601) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency. This work was also partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 18H03369. Monitoring data of APMSs were obtained from National Institute for Environmental Studies. This work was supported in part by the Collaborative Research Program of Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors.
PY - 2020/3/1
Y1 - 2020/3/1
N2 - A model inter-comparison of secondary pollutant simulations over urban areas in Japan, the first phase of Japan's study for reference air quality modeling (J-STREAM Phase I), was conducted using 32 model settings. Simulated hourly concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which are primary pollutant precursors of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), showed good agreement with the observed concentrations, but most of the simulated hourly sulfur oxide (SO2) concentrations were much higher than the observations. Simulated concentrations of PM2.5 and its components were compared to daily observed concentrations by using the filter pack method at selected ambient air pollution monitoring stations (AAPMSs) for each season. In general, most models showed good agreement with the observed total PM2.5 mass concentration levels in each season and provided goal or criteria levels of model ensemble statistics in warmer seasons. The good performances of these models were associated with the simulated reproducibility of some dominant components, sulfates (SO4 2-) and ammonium (NH4 +). The other simulated PM2.5 components, i.e., nitrates (NO3-), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC), often show clear deviations from the observations. The considerable underestimations (approximately 30 μg/m3 for total PM2.5) of all participant models found on heavily polluted days with approximately 40-50 μg/m3 for total PM2.5 indicated some problems in the simulated local meteorology such as the atmospheric stability. This model inter-comparison suggests that these deviations may be owing to a need for further improvements both in the emission inventories and additional formation pathways in chemical transport models, and meteorological conditions also require improvement to simulate elevated atmospheric pollutants. Additional accumulated observations are likely needed to further evaluate the simulated concentrations and improve the model performance.
AB - A model inter-comparison of secondary pollutant simulations over urban areas in Japan, the first phase of Japan's study for reference air quality modeling (J-STREAM Phase I), was conducted using 32 model settings. Simulated hourly concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which are primary pollutant precursors of particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), showed good agreement with the observed concentrations, but most of the simulated hourly sulfur oxide (SO2) concentrations were much higher than the observations. Simulated concentrations of PM2.5 and its components were compared to daily observed concentrations by using the filter pack method at selected ambient air pollution monitoring stations (AAPMSs) for each season. In general, most models showed good agreement with the observed total PM2.5 mass concentration levels in each season and provided goal or criteria levels of model ensemble statistics in warmer seasons. The good performances of these models were associated with the simulated reproducibility of some dominant components, sulfates (SO4 2-) and ammonium (NH4 +). The other simulated PM2.5 components, i.e., nitrates (NO3-), elemental carbon (EC), and organic carbon (OC), often show clear deviations from the observations. The considerable underestimations (approximately 30 μg/m3 for total PM2.5) of all participant models found on heavily polluted days with approximately 40-50 μg/m3 for total PM2.5 indicated some problems in the simulated local meteorology such as the atmospheric stability. This model inter-comparison suggests that these deviations may be owing to a need for further improvements both in the emission inventories and additional formation pathways in chemical transport models, and meteorological conditions also require improvement to simulate elevated atmospheric pollutants. Additional accumulated observations are likely needed to further evaluate the simulated concentrations and improve the model performance.
KW - Model inter-comparison
KW - PM
KW - PM components
KW - Secondary particles
KW - Three-dimensional chemical transport model
KW - Urban scale
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082307604&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85082307604&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/atmos11030222
DO - 10.3390/atmos11030222
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082307604
SN - 2073-4433
VL - 11
JO - ATMOSPHERE
JF - ATMOSPHERE
IS - 3
M1 - 222
ER -