TY - JOUR
T1 - Nitrogen-Terminated Diamond Surface for Nanoscale NMR by Shallow Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers
AU - Kawai, Sora
AU - Yamano, Hayate
AU - Sonoda, Takahiro
AU - Kato, Kanami
AU - Buendia, Jorge J.
AU - Kageura, Taisuke
AU - Fukuda, Ryosuke
AU - Okada, Takuma
AU - Tanii, Takashi
AU - Higuchi, Taisei
AU - Haruyama, Moriyoshi
AU - Yamada, Keisuke
AU - Onoda, Shinobu
AU - Ohshima, Takeshi
AU - Kada, Wataru
AU - Hanaizumi, Osamu
AU - Stacey, Alastair
AU - Teraji, Tokuyuki
AU - Kono, Shozo
AU - Isoya, Junichi
AU - Kawarada, Hiroshi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) (Grant Number 26220903), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (Grant Number 26246001), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (Grant Number 15H03980), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (Grant Number 17H02751), and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (Grant Number 17H03526) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Quantum Leap Flagship Program (MEXT Q-Leap) and Project of Creation of Life Innovation Materials for Interdisciplinary and International Researcher Development of MEXT. This research was undertaken on the Soft X-ray Spectroscopy beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, a part of ANSTO. We thank Dr Liam P. McGuinness and Professor Fedor Jelezko for their help with setting up the CFM.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2019/2/14
Y1 - 2019/2/14
N2 - The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is the most promising candidate for quantum sensing because of its beneficial properties. For quantum-sensing applications, a shallow NV center is critical for approximating the sensing target on a diamond surface. Such shallow NV centers are strongly affected by the diamond surface termination. The properties of shallow NV centers in hydrogen-, oxygen-, and fluorine-terminated diamond have been well studied. In recent years, silicon-terminated diamond has also been investigated; however, the effect of silicon-terminated diamond on the properties of shallow NV centers remains unclear. Recently, the suitability of nitrogen-terminated diamond for shallow NV centers has been theoretically and experimentally examined; however, quantum sensing has not yet been performed. In this work, we evaluated the effect of silicon and nitrogen termination on shallow NV centers. The negatively charged state of shallow NV centers was unstable below silicon termination. In contrast, the properties of shallow NV centers in nitrogen-terminated diamond were satisfactory for quantum sensing and enabled 1 H NMR detection. Our results are in good agreement with previous reports on silicon and nitrogen terminations and provide the perspective that the stability of shallow NV centers highly depends on the polarity of electron affinity of the diamond surface.
AB - The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is the most promising candidate for quantum sensing because of its beneficial properties. For quantum-sensing applications, a shallow NV center is critical for approximating the sensing target on a diamond surface. Such shallow NV centers are strongly affected by the diamond surface termination. The properties of shallow NV centers in hydrogen-, oxygen-, and fluorine-terminated diamond have been well studied. In recent years, silicon-terminated diamond has also been investigated; however, the effect of silicon-terminated diamond on the properties of shallow NV centers remains unclear. Recently, the suitability of nitrogen-terminated diamond for shallow NV centers has been theoretically and experimentally examined; however, quantum sensing has not yet been performed. In this work, we evaluated the effect of silicon and nitrogen termination on shallow NV centers. The negatively charged state of shallow NV centers was unstable below silicon termination. In contrast, the properties of shallow NV centers in nitrogen-terminated diamond were satisfactory for quantum sensing and enabled 1 H NMR detection. Our results are in good agreement with previous reports on silicon and nitrogen terminations and provide the perspective that the stability of shallow NV centers highly depends on the polarity of electron affinity of the diamond surface.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11274
DO - 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b11274
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85061545917
SN - 1932-7447
VL - 123
SP - 3594
EP - 3604
JO - Journal of Physical Chemistry C
JF - Journal of Physical Chemistry C
IS - 6
ER -