TY - JOUR
T1 - Speech rate development in Japanese-speaking children and proficiency in mora-timed rhythm
AU - Iwamoto, Kyoji
AU - Kikuchi, Hideaki
AU - Mazuka, Reiko
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by grants from the RIKEN Junior Associate Program, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research S (16H06319), Specially Promoted Research (20H05617), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) Grant-in-Aid for Innovative Areas #4903, 17H06382 and NINJAL collaborative research project “Cross-linguistic Studies of Japanese Prosody and Grammer.” The ethics approvals for this study were Wako3 24–11(13)–(16). We are grateful to Dr. Akiko Hayashi and Ayako Kondo at Tokyo Gakugei University, where all children and adults were recruited and tested. We would also like to thank Ken’ya Nishikawa, Kakeru Yazawa, and Hyun Kyung Hwang who assisted in transcribing and coding the recordings. We also thank the children and adults who participated in this study.
Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by grants from the RIKEN Junior Associate Program, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research S (16H06319), Specially Promoted Research (20H05617), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) Grant-in-Aid for Innovative Areas #4903, 17H06382 and NINJAL collaborative research project “Cross-linguistic Studies of Japanese Prosody and Grammer.” The ethics approvals for this study were Wako3 24–11(13)–(16). We are grateful to Dr. Akiko Hayashi and Ayako Kondo at Tokyo Gakugei University, where all children and adults were recruited and tested. We would also like to thank Ken'ya Nishikawa, Kakeru Yazawa, and Hyun Kyung Hwang who assisted in transcribing and coding the recordings. We also thank the children and adults who participated in this study.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2022/8
Y1 - 2022/8
N2 - Development of speech rate is often reported as children exhibiting reduced speech rates until they reach adolescence. Previous studies have investigated the developmental process of speech rate using global measures (syllables per second, syllables per minute, or words per minute) and revealed that development continues up to around 13 years of age in several languages. However, the global measures fail to capture language-specific characteristics of phonological/prosodic structure within a word. The current study attempted to examine the developmental process of speech rate and language-specific rhythm in an elicited production task. We recorded the speech of Japanese-speaking monolingual participants (18 participants each in child [5-, 7-, 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old] and adult groups), who pronounced three types of target words: two-mora, two-syllable words (CV.CV); three-mora, two-syllable words (CVV.CV); and three-mora, three-syllable words (CV.CV.CV), where C is consonant and V is vowel. We analyzed total word duration and differences in two pairs of word types: a pair of three-mora words (to show the effect of syllables) and a pair of two-syllable words (to show the effect of moras). The results revealed that Japanese-speaking children have acquired adult-like word duration before 11 years of age, whereas the development of rhythmical timing control continues until approximately 13 years of age. The results also suggest that the effect of syllables for Japanese-speaking children aged 9 years or under was stronger than that of moras, whereas the effect of moras was stronger after 9 years of age, indicating that the default unit for children in speech rhythm may be the syllable even when the language is mora-based.
AB - Development of speech rate is often reported as children exhibiting reduced speech rates until they reach adolescence. Previous studies have investigated the developmental process of speech rate using global measures (syllables per second, syllables per minute, or words per minute) and revealed that development continues up to around 13 years of age in several languages. However, the global measures fail to capture language-specific characteristics of phonological/prosodic structure within a word. The current study attempted to examine the developmental process of speech rate and language-specific rhythm in an elicited production task. We recorded the speech of Japanese-speaking monolingual participants (18 participants each in child [5-, 7-, 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old] and adult groups), who pronounced three types of target words: two-mora, two-syllable words (CV.CV); three-mora, two-syllable words (CVV.CV); and three-mora, three-syllable words (CV.CV.CV), where C is consonant and V is vowel. We analyzed total word duration and differences in two pairs of word types: a pair of three-mora words (to show the effect of syllables) and a pair of two-syllable words (to show the effect of moras). The results revealed that Japanese-speaking children have acquired adult-like word duration before 11 years of age, whereas the development of rhythmical timing control continues until approximately 13 years of age. The results also suggest that the effect of syllables for Japanese-speaking children aged 9 years or under was stronger than that of moras, whereas the effect of moras was stronger after 9 years of age, indicating that the default unit for children in speech rhythm may be the syllable even when the language is mora-based.
KW - Developmental pattern
KW - Mora
KW - Speech rate
KW - Syllable
KW - Word duration
KW - Word structure
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105411
DO - 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105411
M3 - Article
C2 - 35349950
AN - SCOPUS:85127072097
SN - 0022-0965
VL - 220
JO - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
JF - Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
M1 - 105411
ER -