@article{91bcee3b91e64041b70f0645679295b9,
title = "The absence of [C II] 158μm emission in spectroscopically confirmed galaxies at z > 8",
abstract = "The scatter in the relationship between the strength of [C ii] 158 $mu$m emission and the star formation rate at high redshift has been the source of much recent interest. Although the relationship is well established locally, several intensely star-forming galaxies have been found whose [C ii] 158 $mu$m emission is either weak, absent, or spatially offset from the young stars. Here we present new ALMA data for the two most distant gravitationally lensed and spectroscopically confirmed galaxies, A2744-YD4 at z = 8.38 and MACS1149-JD1 at z = 9.11, both of which reveal intense [O iii] 88 $mu$m emission. In both cases we provide stringent upper limits on the presence of [C ii] 158 $mu$m with respect to [O iii] 88 $mu$m. We review possible explanations for this apparent redshift-dependent [C ii] deficit in the context of our recent hydrodynamical simulations. Our results highlight the importance of using several emission line diagnostics with ALMA to investigate the nature of the interstellar medium in early galaxies.",
keywords = "early universe, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high-redshift, galaxies: starburst, submillimetre: galaxies",
author = "N. Laporte and H. Katz and Ellis, {R. S.} and G. Lagache and Bauer, {F. E.} and F. Boone and Inoue, {A. K.} and T. Hashimoto and H. Matsuo and K. Mawatari and Y. Tamura",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Morgane Cousin for providing CMB attenuation estimates at z ∼ 9. NL and RSE acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 669253). FEB acknowledges support from CONICYT-Chile (Basal AFB-170002, Programa de Cooperaci{\'o}n Cient{\'i}fica ECOS-CONICYT C16U02, FONDO ALMA 31160033) and the Ministry of Economy, Development, and Tourism{\textquoteright}s Millennium Science Initiative through grant IC120009, awarded to The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, MAS. AKI and TH acknowledge funding from NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research Grant number 2016-01 A and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 17H01114. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2015.A.00463, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00697, ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.A.00 026, and ADS/JAO.ALMA#2018.A.0004. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA), and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO, and NAOJ. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1093/mnrasl/slz094",
language = "English",
volume = "487",
pages = "L81--L85",
journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters",
issn = "1745-3925",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "1",
}