The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the telescope array experiment

T. Abu-Zayyad; R. Aida; M. Allen; R. Anderson; R. Azuma; E. Barcikowski; J. W. Belz; D. R. Bergman; S. A. Blake; R. Cady; B. G. Cheon; J. Chiba; M. Chikawa; E. J. Cho; W. R. Cho; H. Fujii; T. Fujii; T. Fukuda; M. Fukushima; W. Hanlon; K. Hayashi; Y. Hayashi; N. Hayashida; K. Hibino; K. Hiyama; K. Honda; T. Iguchi; D. Ikeda; K. Ikuta; N. Inoue; T. Ishii; R. Ishimori; D. Ivanov; S. Iwamoto; C. C H Jui; K. Kadota; F. Kakimoto; O. Kalashev; T. Kanbe; K. Kasahara; H. Kawai; S. Kawakami; S. Kawana; E. Kido; H. B. Kim; H. K. Kim; J. H. Kim; J. H. Kim; K. Kitamoto; S. Kitamura; Y. Kitamura; K. Kobayashi; Y. Kobayashi; Y. Kondo; K. Kuramoto; V. Kuzmin; Y. J. Kwon; J. Lan; S. I. Lim; S. Machida; K. Martens; T. Matsuda; T. Matsuura; T. Matsuyama; J. N. Matthews; M. Minamino; K. Miyata; Y. Murano; I. Myers; K. Nagasawa; S. Nagataki; T. Nakamura; S. W. Nam; T. Nonaka; S. Ogio; M. Ohnishi; H. Ohoka; K. Oki; D. Oku; T. Okuda; A. Oshima; Shunsuke Ozawa; I. H. Park; M. S. Pshirkov; D. C. Rodriguez; S. Y. Roh; G. Rubtsov; D. Ryu; H. Sagawa; N. Sakurai; A. L. Sampson; L. M. Scott; P. D. Shah; F. Shibata; T. Shibata; H. Shimodaira; B. K. Shin; J. I. Shin; T. Shirahama; J. D. Smith; P. Sokolsky; B. T. Stokes; S. R. Stratton; T. Stroman; S. Suzuki; Y. Takahashi; M. Takeda; A. Taketa; M. Takita; Y. Tameda; H. Tanaka; K. Tanaka; M. Tanaka; S. B. Thomas; G. B. Thomson; P. Tinyakov; I. Tkachev; H. Tokuno; T. Tomida; S. Troitsky; Y. Tsunesada; K. Tsutsumi; Y. Tsuyuguchi; Y. Uchihori; S. Udo; H. Ukai; G. Vasiloff; Y. Wada; T. Wong; M. Wood; Y. Yamakawa; R. Yamane; H. Yamaoka; K. Yamazaki; J. Yang; Y. Yoneda; S. Yoshida; H. Yoshii; X. Zhou; R. Zollinger; Z. Zundel

doi:10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1

The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the telescope array experiment

T. Abu-Zayyad^*, R. Aida, M. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, E. J. Cho, W. R. Cho, H. Fujii, T. Fujii, T. Fukuda, M. Fukushima, W. HanlonK. Hayashi, Y. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Hiyama, K. Honda, T. Iguchi, D. Ikeda, K. Ikuta, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, D. Ivanov, S. Iwamoto, C. C H Jui, K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, T. Kanbe, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, H. K. Kim, J. H. Kim, J. H. Kim, K. Kitamoto, S. Kitamura, Y. Kitamura, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kobayashi, Y. Kondo, K. Kuramoto, V. Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, J. Lan, S. I. Lim, S. Machida, K. Martens, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuura, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthews, M. Minamino, K. Miyata, Y. Murano, I. Myers, K. Nagasawa, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, S. W. Nam, T. Nonaka, S. Ogio, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, D. Oku, T. Okuda, A. Oshima, Shunsuke Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, S. Y. Roh, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, A. L. Sampson, L. M. Scott, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, J. I. Shin, T. Shirahama, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, B. T. Stokes, S. R. Stratton, T. Stroman, S. Suzuki, Y. Takahashi, M. Takeda, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S. B. Thomas, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Tsuyuguchi, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, H. Ukai, G. Vasiloff, Y. Wada, T. Wong, M. Wood, Y. Yamakawa, R. Yamane, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, Y. Yoneda, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, X. Zhou, R. Zollinger, Z. Zundel

^*Corresponding author for this work

Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

245 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with primary energies above 1.6 × 10¹⁸ eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector component of TA. The spectrum shows a dip at an energy of 4.6 × 10¹⁸ eV and a steepening at 5.4 × 10¹⁹ eV which is consistent with the expectation from the GZK cutoff. We present the results of a technique, new to the analysis of UHECR surface detector data, that involves generating a complete simulation of UHECRs striking the TA surface detector. The procedure starts with shower simulations using the CORSIKA Monte Carlo program where we have solved the problems caused by use of the "thinning" approximation. This simulation method allows us to make an accurate calculation of the acceptance of the detector for the energies concerned.

Original language	English
Article number	L1
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	768
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1
Publication status	Published - 2013 May 1

Keywords

astroparticle physics
cosmic rays
methods: data analysis

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Space and Planetary Science
Astronomy and Astrophysics

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10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1

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Abu-Zayyad, T., Aida, R., Allen, M., Anderson, R., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, E. J., Cho, W. R., Fujii, H., Fujii, T., Fukuda, T., Fukushima, M., ... Zundel, Z. (2013). The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the telescope array experiment. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 768(1), Article L1. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1

Abu-Zayyad, T, Aida, R, Allen, M, Anderson, R, Azuma, R, Barcikowski, E, Belz, JW, Bergman, DR, Blake, SA, Cady, R, Cheon, BG, Chiba, J, Chikawa, M, Cho, EJ, Cho, WR, Fujii, H, Fujii, T, Fukuda, T, Fukushima, M, Hanlon, W, Hayashi, K, Hayashi, Y, Hayashida, N, Hibino, K, Hiyama, K, Honda, K, Iguchi, T, Ikeda, D, Ikuta, K, Inoue, N, Ishii, T, Ishimori, R, Ivanov, D, Iwamoto, S, Jui, CCH, Kadota, K, Kakimoto, F, Kalashev, O, Kanbe, T, Kasahara, K, Kawai, H, Kawakami, S, Kawana, S, Kido, E, Kim, HB, Kim, HK, Kim, JH, Kim, JH, Kitamoto, K, Kitamura, S, Kitamura, Y, Kobayashi, K, Kobayashi, Y, Kondo, Y, Kuramoto, K, Kuzmin, V, Kwon, YJ, Lan, J, Lim, SI, Machida, S, Martens, K, Matsuda, T, Matsuura, T, Matsuyama, T, Matthews, JN, Minamino, M, Miyata, K, Murano, Y, Myers, I, Nagasawa, K, Nagataki, S, Nakamura, T, Nam, SW, Nonaka, T, Ogio, S, Ohnishi, M, Ohoka, H, Oki, K, Oku, D, Okuda, T, Oshima, A, Ozawa, S, Park, IH, Pshirkov, MS, Rodriguez, DC, Roh, SY, Rubtsov, G, Ryu, D, Sagawa, H, Sakurai, N, Sampson, AL, Scott, LM, Shah, PD, Shibata, F, Shibata, T, Shimodaira, H, Shin, BK, Shin, JI, Shirahama, T, Smith, JD, Sokolsky, P, Stokes, BT, Stratton, SR, Stroman, T, Suzuki, S, Takahashi, Y, Takeda, M, Taketa, A, Takita, M, Tameda, Y, Tanaka, H, Tanaka, K, Tanaka, M, Thomas, SB, Thomson, GB, Tinyakov, P, Tkachev, I, Tokuno, H, Tomida, T, Troitsky, S, Tsunesada, Y, Tsutsumi, K, Tsuyuguchi, Y, Uchihori, Y, Udo, S, Ukai, H, Vasiloff, G, Wada, Y, Wong, T, Wood, M, Yamakawa, Y, Yamane, R, Yamaoka, H, Yamazaki, K, Yang, J, Yoneda, Y, Yoshida, S, Yoshii, H, Zhou, X, Zollinger, R & Zundel, Z 2013, 'The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the telescope array experiment', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 768, no. 1, L1. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1

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title = "The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the telescope array experiment",

abstract = "The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with primary energies above 1.6 × 1018 eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector component of TA. The spectrum shows a dip at an energy of 4.6 × 1018 eV and a steepening at 5.4 × 1019 eV which is consistent with the expectation from the GZK cutoff. We present the results of a technique, new to the analysis of UHECR surface detector data, that involves generating a complete simulation of UHECRs striking the TA surface detector. The procedure starts with shower simulations using the CORSIKA Monte Carlo program where we have solved the problems caused by use of the {"}thinning{"} approximation. This simulation method allows us to make an accurate calculation of the acceptance of the detector for the energies concerned.",

keywords = "astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, methods: data analysis",

author = "T. Abu-Zayyad and R. Aida and M. Allen and R. Anderson and R. Azuma and E. Barcikowski and Belz, {J. W.} and Bergman, {D. R.} and Blake, {S. A.} and R. Cady and Cheon, {B. G.} and J. Chiba and M. Chikawa and Cho, {E. J.} and Cho, {W. R.} and H. Fujii and T. Fujii and T. Fukuda and M. Fukushima and W. Hanlon and K. Hayashi and Y. Hayashi and N. Hayashida and K. Hibino and K. Hiyama and K. Honda and T. Iguchi and D. Ikeda and K. Ikuta and N. Inoue and T. Ishii and R. Ishimori and D. Ivanov and S. Iwamoto and Jui, {C. C H} and K. Kadota and F. Kakimoto and O. Kalashev and T. Kanbe and K. Kasahara and H. Kawai and S. Kawakami and S. Kawana and E. Kido and Kim, {H. B.} and Kim, {H. K.} and Kim, {J. H.} and Kim, {J. H.} and K. Kitamoto and S. Kitamura and Y. Kitamura and K. Kobayashi and Y. Kobayashi and Y. Kondo and K. Kuramoto and V. Kuzmin and Kwon, {Y. J.} and J. Lan and Lim, {S. I.} and S. Machida and K. Martens and T. Matsuda and T. Matsuura and T. Matsuyama and Matthews, {J. N.} and M. Minamino and K. Miyata and Y. Murano and I. Myers and K. Nagasawa and S. Nagataki and T. Nakamura and Nam, {S. W.} and T. Nonaka and S. Ogio and M. Ohnishi and H. Ohoka and K. Oki and D. Oku and T. Okuda and A. Oshima and Shunsuke Ozawa and Park, {I. H.} and Pshirkov, {M. S.} and Rodriguez, {D. C.} and Roh, {S. Y.} and G. Rubtsov and D. Ryu and H. Sagawa and N. Sakurai and Sampson, {A. L.} and Scott, {L. M.} and Shah, {P. D.} and F. Shibata and T. Shibata and H. Shimodaira and Shin, {B. K.} and Shin, {J. I.} and T. Shirahama and Smith, {J. D.} and P. Sokolsky and Stokes, {B. T.} and Stratton, {S. R.} and T. Stroman and S. Suzuki and Y. Takahashi and M. Takeda and A. Taketa and M. Takita and Y. Tameda and H. Tanaka and K. Tanaka and M. Tanaka and Thomas, {S. B.} and Thomson, {G. B.} and P. Tinyakov and I. Tkachev and H. Tokuno and T. Tomida and S. Troitsky and Y. Tsunesada and K. Tsutsumi and Y. Tsuyuguchi and Y. Uchihori and S. Udo and H. Ukai and G. Vasiloff and Y. Wada and T. Wong and M. Wood and Y. Yamakawa and R. Yamane and H. Yamaoka and K. Yamazaki and J. Yang and Y. Yoneda and S. Yoshida and H. Yoshii and X. Zhou and R. Zollinger and Z. Zundel",

year = "2013",

month = may,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1",

language = "English",

volume = "768",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

issn = "2041-8205",

publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",

number = "1",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the telescope array experiment

AU - Abu-Zayyad, T.

AU - Aida, R.

AU - Allen, M.

AU - Anderson, R.

AU - Azuma, R.

AU - Barcikowski, E.

AU - Belz, J. W.

AU - Bergman, D. R.

AU - Blake, S. A.

AU - Cady, R.

AU - Cheon, B. G.

AU - Chiba, J.

AU - Chikawa, M.

AU - Cho, E. J.

AU - Cho, W. R.

AU - Fujii, H.

AU - Fujii, T.

AU - Fukuda, T.

AU - Fukushima, M.

AU - Hanlon, W.

AU - Hayashi, K.

AU - Hayashi, Y.

AU - Hayashida, N.

AU - Hibino, K.

AU - Hiyama, K.

AU - Honda, K.

AU - Iguchi, T.

AU - Ikeda, D.

AU - Ikuta, K.

AU - Inoue, N.

AU - Ishii, T.

AU - Ishimori, R.

AU - Ivanov, D.

AU - Iwamoto, S.

AU - Jui, C. C H

AU - Kadota, K.

AU - Kakimoto, F.

AU - Kalashev, O.

AU - Kanbe, T.

AU - Kasahara, K.

AU - Kawai, H.

AU - Kawakami, S.

AU - Kawana, S.

AU - Kido, E.

AU - Kim, H. B.

AU - Kim, H. K.

AU - Kim, J. H.

AU - Kitamoto, K.

AU - Kitamura, S.

AU - Kitamura, Y.

AU - Kobayashi, K.

AU - Kobayashi, Y.

AU - Kondo, Y.

AU - Kuramoto, K.

AU - Kuzmin, V.

AU - Kwon, Y. J.

AU - Lan, J.

AU - Lim, S. I.

AU - Machida, S.

AU - Martens, K.

AU - Matsuda, T.

AU - Matsuura, T.

AU - Matsuyama, T.

AU - Matthews, J. N.

AU - Minamino, M.

AU - Miyata, K.

AU - Murano, Y.

AU - Myers, I.

AU - Nagasawa, K.

AU - Nagataki, S.

AU - Nakamura, T.

AU - Nam, S. W.

AU - Nonaka, T.

AU - Ogio, S.

AU - Ohnishi, M.

AU - Ohoka, H.

AU - Oki, K.

AU - Oku, D.

AU - Okuda, T.

AU - Oshima, A.

AU - Ozawa, Shunsuke

AU - Park, I. H.

AU - Pshirkov, M. S.

AU - Rodriguez, D. C.

AU - Roh, S. Y.

AU - Rubtsov, G.

AU - Ryu, D.

AU - Sagawa, H.

AU - Sakurai, N.

AU - Sampson, A. L.

AU - Scott, L. M.

AU - Shah, P. D.

AU - Shibata, F.

AU - Shibata, T.

AU - Shimodaira, H.

AU - Shin, B. K.

AU - Shin, J. I.

AU - Shirahama, T.

AU - Smith, J. D.

AU - Sokolsky, P.

AU - Stokes, B. T.

AU - Stratton, S. R.

AU - Stroman, T.

AU - Suzuki, S.

AU - Takahashi, Y.

AU - Takeda, M.

AU - Taketa, A.

AU - Takita, M.

AU - Tameda, Y.

AU - Tanaka, H.

AU - Tanaka, K.

AU - Tanaka, M.

AU - Thomas, S. B.

AU - Thomson, G. B.

AU - Tinyakov, P.

AU - Tkachev, I.

AU - Tokuno, H.

AU - Tomida, T.

AU - Troitsky, S.

AU - Tsunesada, Y.

AU - Tsutsumi, K.

AU - Tsuyuguchi, Y.

AU - Uchihori, Y.

AU - Udo, S.

AU - Ukai, H.

AU - Vasiloff, G.

AU - Wada, Y.

AU - Wong, T.

AU - Wood, M.

AU - Yamakawa, Y.

AU - Yamane, R.

AU - Yamaoka, H.

AU - Yamazaki, K.

AU - Yang, J.

AU - Yoneda, Y.

AU - Yoshida, S.

AU - Yoshii, H.

AU - Zhou, X.

AU - Zollinger, R.

AU - Zundel, Z.

PY - 2013/5/1

Y1 - 2013/5/1

N2 - The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with primary energies above 1.6 × 1018 eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector component of TA. The spectrum shows a dip at an energy of 4.6 × 1018 eV and a steepening at 5.4 × 1019 eV which is consistent with the expectation from the GZK cutoff. We present the results of a technique, new to the analysis of UHECR surface detector data, that involves generating a complete simulation of UHECRs striking the TA surface detector. The procedure starts with shower simulations using the CORSIKA Monte Carlo program where we have solved the problems caused by use of the "thinning" approximation. This simulation method allows us to make an accurate calculation of the acceptance of the detector for the energies concerned.

AB - The Telescope Array (TA) collaboration has measured the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with primary energies above 1.6 × 1018 eV. This measurement is based upon four years of observation by the surface detector component of TA. The spectrum shows a dip at an energy of 4.6 × 1018 eV and a steepening at 5.4 × 1019 eV which is consistent with the expectation from the GZK cutoff. We present the results of a technique, new to the analysis of UHECR surface detector data, that involves generating a complete simulation of UHECRs striking the TA surface detector. The procedure starts with shower simulations using the CORSIKA Monte Carlo program where we have solved the problems caused by use of the "thinning" approximation. This simulation method allows us to make an accurate calculation of the acceptance of the detector for the energies concerned.

KW - astroparticle physics

KW - cosmic rays

KW - methods: data analysis

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84876530151&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84876530151&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1

DO - 10.1088/2041-8205/768/1/L1

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84876530151

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 768

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 1

M1 - L1

ER -

The cosmic-ray energy spectrum observed with the surface detector of the telescope array experiment

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