The first observation of sulfur in anomalous cosmic rays by the Geotail and the wind spacecrafts

T. Takashima; T. Doke; T. Hayashi; J. Kikuchi; M. Kobayashi; H. Shirai; N. Takehana; M. Ehara; Y. Yamada; S. Yanagita; Nobuyuki Hasebe; T. Kashiwagi; C. Kato; K. Munakata; T. Kohno; K. Kondoh; H. Murakami; A. Nakamoto; T. Yanagimachi; D. V. Reames; T. T. Von Rosenvinge

The first observation of sulfur in anomalous cosmic rays by the Geotail and the wind spacecrafts

T. Takashima^*, T. Doke, T. Hayashi, J. Kikuchi, M. Kobayashi, H. Shirai, N. Takehana, M. Ehara, Y. Yamada, S. Yanagita, Nobuyuki Hasebe, T. Kashiwagi, C. Kato, K. Munakata, T. Kohno, K. Kondoh, H. Murakami, A. Nakamoto, T. Yanagimachi, D. V. ReamesT. T. Von Rosenvinge

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Geotail high-energy particle instruments have observed cosmic-ray particles in the energy range from 3 MeV n^-1 to 150 MeV n^-1 at 1 AU during the period 1992 September-1995 August. A remarkable enhancement of anomalous cosmic-ray (ACR) N, O, Ne, and C is observed during the period. A measurable enhancement of the sulfur flux below about 20 MeV n^-1 was observed. This is the first evidence showing the existence of sulfur in the anomalous component. The flux increase of anomalous sulfur, with a first ionization potential (FIP) of 10.4 eV, is smaller than that of ACR carbon with an FIP of 11.3 eV and much smaller than those of high-FIP elements, which suggests that the fractions of neutral carbon and sulfur atoms are significantly low in the very local interstellar medium.

Original language	English
Journal	Astrophysical Journal
Volume	477
Issue number	2 PART II
Publication status	Published - 1997
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Cosmic rays
ISM: general

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Space and Planetary Science

Cite this

Takashima, T., Doke, T., Hayashi, T., Kikuchi, J., Kobayashi, M., Shirai, H., Takehana, N., Ehara, M., Yamada, Y., Yanagita, S., Hasebe, N., Kashiwagi, T., Kato, C., Munakata, K., Kohno, T., Kondoh, K., Murakami, H., Nakamoto, A., Yanagimachi, T., ... Von Rosenvinge, T. T. (1997). The first observation of sulfur in anomalous cosmic rays by the Geotail and the wind spacecrafts. Astrophysical Journal, 477(2 PART II).

Takashima, T, Doke, T, Hayashi, T, Kikuchi, J, Kobayashi, M, Shirai, H, Takehana, N, Ehara, M, Yamada, Y, Yanagita, S, Hasebe, N, Kashiwagi, T, Kato, C, Munakata, K, Kohno, T, Kondoh, K, Murakami, H, Nakamoto, A, Yanagimachi, T, Reames, DV & Von Rosenvinge, TT 1997, 'The first observation of sulfur in anomalous cosmic rays by the Geotail and the wind spacecrafts', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 477, no. 2 PART II.

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abstract = "The Geotail high-energy particle instruments have observed cosmic-ray particles in the energy range from 3 MeV n-1 to 150 MeV n-1 at 1 AU during the period 1992 September-1995 August. A remarkable enhancement of anomalous cosmic-ray (ACR) N, O, Ne, and C is observed during the period. A measurable enhancement of the sulfur flux below about 20 MeV n-1 was observed. This is the first evidence showing the existence of sulfur in the anomalous component. The flux increase of anomalous sulfur, with a first ionization potential (FIP) of 10.4 eV, is smaller than that of ACR carbon with an FIP of 11.3 eV and much smaller than those of high-FIP elements, which suggests that the fractions of neutral carbon and sulfur atoms are significantly low in the very local interstellar medium.",

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AU - Takashima, T.

AU - Doke, T.

AU - Hayashi, T.

AU - Kikuchi, J.

AU - Kobayashi, M.

AU - Shirai, H.

AU - Takehana, N.

AU - Ehara, M.

AU - Yamada, Y.

AU - Yanagita, S.

AU - Hasebe, Nobuyuki

AU - Kashiwagi, T.

AU - Kato, C.

AU - Munakata, K.

AU - Kohno, T.

AU - Kondoh, K.

AU - Murakami, H.

AU - Nakamoto, A.

AU - Yanagimachi, T.

AU - Reames, D. V.

AU - Von Rosenvinge, T. T.

PY - 1997

Y1 - 1997

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AB - The Geotail high-energy particle instruments have observed cosmic-ray particles in the energy range from 3 MeV n-1 to 150 MeV n-1 at 1 AU during the period 1992 September-1995 August. A remarkable enhancement of anomalous cosmic-ray (ACR) N, O, Ne, and C is observed during the period. A measurable enhancement of the sulfur flux below about 20 MeV n-1 was observed. This is the first evidence showing the existence of sulfur in the anomalous component. The flux increase of anomalous sulfur, with a first ionization potential (FIP) of 10.4 eV, is smaller than that of ACR carbon with an FIP of 11.3 eV and much smaller than those of high-FIP elements, which suggests that the fractions of neutral carbon and sulfur atoms are significantly low in the very local interstellar medium.

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M3 - Article

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SN - 0004-637X

VL - 477

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JF - Astrophysical Journal

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ER -

The first observation of sulfur in anomalous cosmic rays by the Geotail and the wind spacecrafts

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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