Vapour phase polymerisation of pyrrole induced by iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate salt oxidising agents

Priya Subramanian; Noel B. Clark; Leone Spiccia; Douglas R. MacFarlane; Bjorn Winther Jensen; Craig Forsyth

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.04.021

Vapour phase polymerisation of pyrrole induced by iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate salt oxidising agents

Priya Subramanian, Noel B. Clark, Leone Spiccia^*, Douglas R. MacFarlane, Bjorn Winther Jensen, Craig Forsyth

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

30 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A series of iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) salts were prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)₃·xH₂O, with a variety of aromatic sulfonic acids. The products were characterised by microanalysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The microanalysis data generated indicated that three of the salts were not mononuclear iron(III) compounds and were of the formula [(OH₂)₅Fe-O-Fe(OH₂)₅][C₂H₅C₆H₄SO₃]₄, [(OH₂)₅Fe-O-Fe(OH₂)₅][CH₃C₆H₄SO₃]₄·2H₂O and [(OH₂)₅Fe-O-Fe(OH₂)₅][CH₃C₆H₄SO₃]₄. Some degree of condensation or cross-linking of Fe(III) centres into hydrolytic oligomers had occurred. The X-ray crystal structure of the Fe(III) toluenesulfonate salt established the formula of an oxo-centred, binuclear complex [(H₂O)₅Fe(μ-O)Fe(OH₂)₅]⁴⁺. Vapour phase polymerisation (VPP) of pyrrole monomer was carried out using iron(III) benzenesulfonate, p-ethylbenzenesulfonate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate. As the chain length of the Fe(III) alkylbenzenesulfonates increased it was found that the film forming ability of the polypyrrole was enhanced, probably as a result of a decrease in polymer chain interaction resulting from increased free volume between polymer chains. Variations in the conductivity of the polypyrrole films was observed when Fe(III) p-toluenesulfonate salts obtained from different sources (two commercial samples and one synthesised in our laboratories) were used as the oxidant. Films deposited using these oxidants generally exhibited higher conductivity than those formed using the Fe(III) p-ethylbenzenesulfonate and Fe(III) p-dodecylbenzenesulfonate salts. Crown

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	704-711
Number of pages	8
Journal	Synthetic Metals
Volume	158
Issue number	17-18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.04.021
Publication status	Published - 2008 Oct
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Bulk polymerisation
Conducting polymers
Iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonates
Polypyrrole
Vapour phase polymerisation
X-ray crystallography

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Materials Chemistry
Polymers and Plastics

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10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.04.021

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@article{af0f3799cb2b4907ab3c7e233a83adc9,

title = "Vapour phase polymerisation of pyrrole induced by iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate salt oxidising agents",

abstract = "A series of iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) salts were prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)3·xH2O, with a variety of aromatic sulfonic acids. The products were characterised by microanalysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The microanalysis data generated indicated that three of the salts were not mononuclear iron(III) compounds and were of the formula [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][C2H5C6H4SO3]4, [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][CH3C6H4SO3]4·2H2O and [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][CH3C6H4SO3]4. Some degree of condensation or cross-linking of Fe(III) centres into hydrolytic oligomers had occurred. The X-ray crystal structure of the Fe(III) toluenesulfonate salt established the formula of an oxo-centred, binuclear complex [(H2O)5Fe(μ-O)Fe(OH2)5]4+. Vapour phase polymerisation (VPP) of pyrrole monomer was carried out using iron(III) benzenesulfonate, p-ethylbenzenesulfonate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate. As the chain length of the Fe(III) alkylbenzenesulfonates increased it was found that the film forming ability of the polypyrrole was enhanced, probably as a result of a decrease in polymer chain interaction resulting from increased free volume between polymer chains. Variations in the conductivity of the polypyrrole films was observed when Fe(III) p-toluenesulfonate salts obtained from different sources (two commercial samples and one synthesised in our laboratories) were used as the oxidant. Films deposited using these oxidants generally exhibited higher conductivity than those formed using the Fe(III) p-ethylbenzenesulfonate and Fe(III) p-dodecylbenzenesulfonate salts. Crown",

keywords = "Bulk polymerisation, Conducting polymers, Iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonates, Polypyrrole, Vapour phase polymerisation, X-ray crystallography",

author = "Priya Subramanian and Clark, {Noel B.} and Leone Spiccia and MacFarlane, {Douglas R.} and {Winther Jensen}, Bjorn and Craig Forsyth",

year = "2008",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.04.021",

language = "English",

volume = "158",

pages = "704--711",

journal = "Synthetic Metals",

issn = "0379-6779",

publisher = "Elsevier BV",

number = "17-18",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Vapour phase polymerisation of pyrrole induced by iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate salt oxidising agents

AU - Subramanian, Priya

AU - Clark, Noel B.

AU - Spiccia, Leone

AU - MacFarlane, Douglas R.

AU - Winther Jensen, Bjorn

AU - Forsyth, Craig

PY - 2008/10

Y1 - 2008/10

N2 - A series of iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) salts were prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)3·xH2O, with a variety of aromatic sulfonic acids. The products were characterised by microanalysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The microanalysis data generated indicated that three of the salts were not mononuclear iron(III) compounds and were of the formula [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][C2H5C6H4SO3]4, [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][CH3C6H4SO3]4·2H2O and [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][CH3C6H4SO3]4. Some degree of condensation or cross-linking of Fe(III) centres into hydrolytic oligomers had occurred. The X-ray crystal structure of the Fe(III) toluenesulfonate salt established the formula of an oxo-centred, binuclear complex [(H2O)5Fe(μ-O)Fe(OH2)5]4+. Vapour phase polymerisation (VPP) of pyrrole monomer was carried out using iron(III) benzenesulfonate, p-ethylbenzenesulfonate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate. As the chain length of the Fe(III) alkylbenzenesulfonates increased it was found that the film forming ability of the polypyrrole was enhanced, probably as a result of a decrease in polymer chain interaction resulting from increased free volume between polymer chains. Variations in the conductivity of the polypyrrole films was observed when Fe(III) p-toluenesulfonate salts obtained from different sources (two commercial samples and one synthesised in our laboratories) were used as the oxidant. Films deposited using these oxidants generally exhibited higher conductivity than those formed using the Fe(III) p-ethylbenzenesulfonate and Fe(III) p-dodecylbenzenesulfonate salts. Crown

AB - A series of iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate (ABS) salts were prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide, Fe(OH)3·xH2O, with a variety of aromatic sulfonic acids. The products were characterised by microanalysis and FTIR spectroscopy. The microanalysis data generated indicated that three of the salts were not mononuclear iron(III) compounds and were of the formula [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][C2H5C6H4SO3]4, [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][CH3C6H4SO3]4·2H2O and [(OH2)5Fe-O-Fe(OH2)5][CH3C6H4SO3]4. Some degree of condensation or cross-linking of Fe(III) centres into hydrolytic oligomers had occurred. The X-ray crystal structure of the Fe(III) toluenesulfonate salt established the formula of an oxo-centred, binuclear complex [(H2O)5Fe(μ-O)Fe(OH2)5]4+. Vapour phase polymerisation (VPP) of pyrrole monomer was carried out using iron(III) benzenesulfonate, p-ethylbenzenesulfonate, dodecylbenzenesulfonate and p-toluenesulfonate. As the chain length of the Fe(III) alkylbenzenesulfonates increased it was found that the film forming ability of the polypyrrole was enhanced, probably as a result of a decrease in polymer chain interaction resulting from increased free volume between polymer chains. Variations in the conductivity of the polypyrrole films was observed when Fe(III) p-toluenesulfonate salts obtained from different sources (two commercial samples and one synthesised in our laboratories) were used as the oxidant. Films deposited using these oxidants generally exhibited higher conductivity than those formed using the Fe(III) p-ethylbenzenesulfonate and Fe(III) p-dodecylbenzenesulfonate salts. Crown

KW - Bulk polymerisation

KW - Conducting polymers

KW - Iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonates

KW - Polypyrrole

KW - Vapour phase polymerisation

KW - X-ray crystallography

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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=52049126638&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.04.021

DO - 10.1016/j.synthmet.2008.04.021

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:52049126638

SN - 0379-6779

VL - 158

SP - 704

EP - 711

JO - Synthetic Metals

JF - Synthetic Metals

IS - 17-18

ER -

Vapour phase polymerisation of pyrrole induced by iron(III) alkylbenzenesulfonate salt oxidising agents

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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