@article{662dc7ca86b1499e86270fb0efa78ea2,
title = "Virtual Shadow Drawing System Using Augmented Reality for Laparoscopic Surgery",
abstract = "Laparoscopic surgery holds great promise in medicine but remains challenging for surgeons because it is difficult to perceive depth while suturing. In addition to binocular parallax, such as threedimensional vision, shadow is essential for depth perception. This paper presents an augmented reality system that draws virtual shadows to aid depth perception. On the visual display, the system generates shadows that mimic actual shadows by estimating shadow positions using image processing. The distance and angle between the forceps tip and the surface were estimated to evaluate the accuracy of the system. To validate the usefulness of this system in surgical applications, novices performed suturing tasks with and without the augmented reality system. The system error and delay were sufficiently small, and the generated shadows were similar to actual shadows. Furthermore, the suturing error decreased significantly when the augmented reality system was used. The shadow-drawing system developed in this study may help surgeons perceive depth during laparoscopic surgery.",
keywords = "biomedical engineering, image processing, medical robotics, surgical instrument",
author = "Satoshi Miura and Masaki Seki and Yuta Koreeda and Yang Cao and Kazuya Kawamura and Yo Kobayashi and Fujie, {Masakatsu G.} and Tomoyuki Miyashita",
note = "Funding Information: Yo KOBAYASHI received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering from the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda Uni- versity, Tokyo, Japan, in 2004 and 2005, respec- tively, and the Ph.D. degree in engineering from Waseda University in 2008. From 2005 to 2006, he was a Visiting Research Associate with the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University. Since 2008, he has been a Research Associate with Waseda University, becoming a Junior Researcher (Lecturer) with the Faculty of Science and Engineering in 2010 and a Senior Researcher (Associate Professor), in 2012. He was concurrently a JST PRESTO Researcher, Strategic Basic Research Programs, JST, from 2014 to 2017. Since 2016, He has been an Associate Professor at the Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University. His current research interests include medical robots, rehabilitation robots, and biomechanics. Dr. KOBAYASHI was a Recipient of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowship for Young Scientists in 2007, The Young Scientists{\textquoteright} Prize, Prizes for Science and Technology, and The Commendation for Science and Technology by the MEXT, Japan, in 2015. He was Keynote Speaker of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Conference (2017). He is a Member of the IEEE, the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers, the Robotics Society of Japan, and the Japan Society of Computer-Aided Surgery. Funding Information: This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKEN-HI Grant No. JP21K18075; in part by the Tateishi Foundation; in part by the Mizuho Foundation; and in part by the Nakajima Foundation. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.14326/abe.11.87",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
pages = "87--97",
journal = "Advanced Biomedical Engineering",
issn = "2187-5219",
publisher = "Japanese Society for Medical and Biological Engineering",
}