TY - JOUR
T1 - Accelerated evolution in the protein-coding regions is universal in crotalinae snake venom gland phospholipase A2 isozyme genes
AU - Nakashima, Kin Ichi
AU - Nobuhisa, Ikuo
AU - Deshimaru, Masanobu
AU - Nakai, Makoto
AU - Ogawa, Tomohisa
AU - Shimohigashi, Yasuyuki
AU - Fukumaki, Yasuyuki
AU - Hattori, Masahira
AU - Sakaki, Yoshiyuki
AU - Hattori, Shosaku
AU - Ohno, Motonori
PY - 1995/6/6
Y1 - 1995/6/6
N2 - The nucleotide sequences of four genes encoding Trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake, crotalinae) venom gland phospholipase A2 (PLA2; phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) isozymes were compared internally and externally with those of six genes encoding Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu snake, crotalinae) venom gland PLA2 isozymes. The numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site (K(N)) for the noncoding regions including introns were one-third to one-eighth of the numbers of nucleotide substitutions per synonymous site (K(S)) for the protein-coding regions of exons, indicating that the noncoding regions are much more conserved than the protein-coding regions. The K(N) values for the introns were found to be nearly equivalent to those of introns of T. gramineus and T. flavoviridis TATA box-binding protein genes, which are assumed to be a general (nonvenomous) gene. Thus, it is evident that the introns of venom gland PLA2 isozyme genes have evolved at a similar rate to those of nonvenomous genes. The numbers of nucleotide substitutions per nonsynonymous site (K(A)) were close to or larger than the K(S) values for the protein-coding regions in venom gland PLA2 isozyme genes. All of the data combined reveal that Darwinian-type accelerated evolution has universally occurred only in the protein-coding regions of crotalinae snake venom PLA2 isozyme genes.
AB - The nucleotide sequences of four genes encoding Trimeresurus gramineus (green habu snake, crotalinae) venom gland phospholipase A2 (PLA2; phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) isozymes were compared internally and externally with those of six genes encoding Trimeresurus flavoviridis (habu snake, crotalinae) venom gland PLA2 isozymes. The numbers of nucleotide substitutions per site (K(N)) for the noncoding regions including introns were one-third to one-eighth of the numbers of nucleotide substitutions per synonymous site (K(S)) for the protein-coding regions of exons, indicating that the noncoding regions are much more conserved than the protein-coding regions. The K(N) values for the introns were found to be nearly equivalent to those of introns of T. gramineus and T. flavoviridis TATA box-binding protein genes, which are assumed to be a general (nonvenomous) gene. Thus, it is evident that the introns of venom gland PLA2 isozyme genes have evolved at a similar rate to those of nonvenomous genes. The numbers of nucleotide substitutions per nonsynonymous site (K(A)) were close to or larger than the K(S) values for the protein-coding regions in venom gland PLA2 isozyme genes. All of the data combined reveal that Darwinian-type accelerated evolution has universally occurred only in the protein-coding regions of crotalinae snake venom PLA2 isozyme genes.
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U2 - 10.1073/pnas.92.12.5605
DO - 10.1073/pnas.92.12.5605
M3 - Article
C2 - 7777556
AN - SCOPUS:0029014297
SN - 0027-8424
VL - 92
SP - 5605
EP - 5609
JO - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
IS - 12
ER -