Change in tibial rotation of barefoot versus shod running

Tibial rotation during foot pronation has been proposed as a key factor in running related injuries. Precise analysis of knee motion during running, including the analysis of motion in the coronal plane, is difficult, and the effect of the wearing shoes on tibial rotation during running is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of wearing shoes in reducing tibial rotation during running. Fifteen healthy subjects (nine males, six females) participated in this study; 25 markers were secured on the left lower extremity of each subject. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected using the MAC3D System (Motion Analysis Co.). The data were processed using the point cluster technique (Andriacchi et al. 1998, J Biomech Eng 120, 743). The subjects were required to run (a) barefoot and (b) while wearing athletic running shoes (Adidas Response Cushion). Tibial motion with respect to the femur was assessed in the stance phase. The internal/external rotation, adduction/abduction and flexion of knee joint were analyzed for a period of 100 ms after foot strike. In both the conditions, all subjects experienced internal tibial rotation after foot strike. During the 100-ms period after foot strike, the shoes reduced the amount of tibial rotation during running (barefoot 16.0 ± 4.1°, shod 13.7 ± 5.3°). The angular change of the knee flexion was increased with running shoe (barefoot 20.8 ± 4.9°, shod 26.5 ± 4.2°). These findings suggest that tibial rotation can be reduced by wearing athletic running shoes.