@article{48d10273936445078d2b43fbd949c23e,
title = "Normal, dust-obscured galaxies in the epoch of reionization",
abstract = "Over the past decades, rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) observations have provided large samples of UV luminous galaxies at redshift (z) greater than 6 (refs. 1–3), during the so-called epoch of reionization. While a few of these UV-identified galaxies revealed substantial dust reservoirs4–7, very heavily dust-obscured sources at these early times have remained elusive. They are limited to a rare population of extreme starburst galaxies8–12 and companions of rare quasars13,14. These studies conclude that the contribution of dust-obscured galaxies to the cosmic star formation rate density at z > 6 is sub-dominant. Recent ALMA and Spitzer observations have identified a more abundant, less extreme population of obscured galaxies at z = 3−6 (refs. 15,16). However, this population has not been confirmed in the reionization epoch so far. Here, we report the discovery of two dust-obscured star-forming galaxies at z = 6.6813 ± 0.0005 and z = 7.3521 ± 0.0005. These objects are not detected in existing rest-frame UV data and were discovered only through their far-infrared [C ii] lines and dust continuum emission as companions to typical UV-luminous galaxies at the same redshift. The two galaxies exhibit lower infrared luminosities and star-formation rates than extreme starbursts, in line with typical star-forming galaxies at z ≈ 7. This population of heavily dust-obscured galaxies appears to contribute 10–25% to the z > 6 cosmic star formation rate density.",
author = "Y. Fudamoto and Oesch, {P. A.} and S. Schouws and M. Stefanon and R. Smit and Bouwens, {R. J.} and Bowler, {R. A.A.} and R. Endsley and V. Gonzalez and H. Inami and I. Labbe and D. Stark and M. Aravena and L. Barrufet and {da Cunha}, E. and P. Dayal and A. Ferrara and L. Graziani and J. Hodge and A. Hutter and Y. Li and {De Looze}, I. and T. Nanayakkara and A. Pallottini and D. Riechers and R. Schneider and G. Ucci and {van der Werf}, P. and C. White",
note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements The authors thank C. Williams for helpful discussions. We acknowledge support from: the Swiss National Science Foundation through the SNSF Professorship grant 190079 (Y.F., P.A.O., L.B.); NAOJ ALMA Scientific Research Grant 2020-16B (Y.F.); TOP grant TOP1.16.057 (RJB, MS); the Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie (S.S.); STFC Ernest Rutherford Fellowship ST/S004831/1 (R. Smit) and ST/T003596/1 (R.B.); JSPS KAKENHI JP19K23462 and JP21H01129 (HI); European Research Council{\textquoteright}s starting grant ERC StG-717001 (P.D., A.H., G.U.); the NWO{\textquoteright}s VIDI grant 016.vidi.189.162 and the European Commission{\textquoteright}s and University of Groningen{\textquoteright}s CO-FUND Rosalind Franklin program (P.D.); the Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” CUP:B81I18001170001 (L.G., R. Schneider); the National Science Foundation MRI-1626251 (Y.L.); FONDECYT grant 1211951, “CONICYT+PCI+INSTITUTO MAX PLANCK DE ASTRONOMIA MPG190030” and “CONICYT+PCI+REDES 190194” (M.A.); ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D) CE170100013 (E.d.C.); Australian Research Council Laureate Fellowship FL180100060 (T.N.); the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR H2020/740120 (A.P., A.F.) and the Carl Friedrich von Siemens-Forschungspreis der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung Research Award (A.F.); the VIDI research program 639.042.611 (J.H.); JWST/NIRCam contract to the University of Arizona, NAS5-02015 (R.E.); ERC starting grant 851622 (IDL); the National Science Foundation under grant numbers AST-1614213, AST-1910107, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Experienced Researchers (D.R.). The Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN) is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation under grant no. 140. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
day = "23",
doi = "10.1038/s41586-021-03846-z",
language = "English",
volume = "597",
pages = "489--492",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "7877",
}