抄録
We introduce a method to automatically produce large analogical clusters from smaller seed clusters of representative examples. The method is based on techniques of processing and solving analogical equations in word vector space models, i.e., word embeddings. In our experiments, we use standard data sets in English which cover different relations extending from derivational morphology (like adjective–adverb, positive–comparative forms of adjectives) or inflectional morphology (like present–past forms) to encyclopedic semantics (like country–capital relations). The analogical clusters produced by our method are shown to be of reasonably good quality, as shown by comparing human judgment against automatic NDCG@n scores. In total, they contain 8.5 times as many relevant word pairs as the seed clusters.
| 本文言語 | English |
|---|---|
| ホスト出版物のタイトル | Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development - 26th International Conference, ICCBR 2018, Proceedings |
| 編集者 | Michael T. Cox, Peter Funk, Shahina Begum |
| 出版社 | Springer Verlag |
| ページ | 548-562 |
| ページ数 | 15 |
| ISBN（印刷版） | 9783030010805 |
| DOI | |
| 出版ステータス | Published - 2018 |
| イベント | 26th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2018 - Stockholm, Sweden 継続期間: 2018 7月 9 → 2018 7月 12 |
出版物シリーズ
| 名前 | Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) |
|---|---|
| 巻 | 11156 LNAI |
| ISSN（印刷版） | 0302-9743 |
| ISSN（電子版） | 1611-3349 |
Other
| Other | 26th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2018 |
|---|---|
| 国/地域 | Sweden |
| City | Stockholm |
| Period | 18/7/9 → 18/7/12 |
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- 理論的コンピュータサイエンス
- コンピュータ サイエンス（全般）
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Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development - 26th International Conference, ICCBR 2018, Proceedings. ed. / Michael T. Cox; Peter Funk; Shahina Begum. Springer Verlag, 2018. p. 548-562 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics); Vol. 11156 LNAI).
研究成果: Conference contribution
}
TY - GEN
T1 - Production of Large Analogical Clusters from Smaller Example Seed Clusters Using Word Embeddings
AU - Hong, Yuzhong
AU - Lepage, Yves
N1 - Funding Information: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81500719); Shaanxi Province Innovation Talents Promotion Plan (No.2018KJXX-091); Research Incubaiton of Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) (No.BS-2). Funding Information: in the other quadrants were narrow (Figure 5C, 5D). The axial length/lens thickness measured by IOL Master 700 was 21.74/5.19 mm in the right eye, and 22.23/5.15 mm in the left eye. Specular microscopy revealed corneal endothelium cell densities of 1454 cells/mm2 in the right eye and 2957 cells/mm2 in the left eye; hexagonal cell ratio of 24% in the right eye and 73% in the left eye. A diagnosis of malignant glaucoma with ciliary detachment, asteroid hyalosis, macular membrane and cataract in the right eye was made. On April 17, slit lamp revealed deeper central AC depth of about 1 CT in the right eye (Figure 6A). However, on April 20, the AC depth disappeared in the right eye (Figure 6B). Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with anterior vitrectomy were carried out in the right eye. A 23-gauge vitrectomy via pars plana was performed to push the lens iris diaphragm backward. After a continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis of approximately 6.0 mm in diameter, phacoemulsification was performed with a 24.0 D intraocular lens (ZA9003) implanted into the capsular bag. Then, zonulo-hyaloido-vitrectomy through a peripheral iridectomy was carried out to disrupt the anterior hyaloid membrane ensuring aqueous outflow from the vitreous cavity into the AC in order to interrupt the ciliolenticular block (Figure 7). On the first day postoperatively, the visual acuity was CF/50 cm, and the IOP was 21.5 mm Hg (without any IOP-lowering drops) with mild corneal edema and deep AC in the right eye (Figure 8A). The patient’s right eye was treated with levofloxacin eye drops six times a day, tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops six times a day, and tropicamide eye drops three times a day. On the fourth day after surgery, the visual acuity was 20/100, and the IOP was 9.8 mm Hg with significantly relieved corneal edema (Figure 8B). Thus, levofloxacin eye drops and tobramycin dexamethasone eye drops were adjusted three times a day, and tropicamide eye drop was stopped. One month after discharge, the BCVA was 20/50, and the IOP was 10.3 mm Hg with clear cornea and deep AC in the right eye (Figure 8C). UBM showed that the ciliary body of the right eye was reset. At a one-year follow-up, the patient’s condition was stable. DISCUSSION The exact pathophysiological mechanism of malignant glaucoma remains unclear[1,4]; yet, it mainly involves the theory of the stray flow of the aqueous humor and choroidal expansion. Most scholars believe that the occurrence of malignant glaucoma is closely related to the special ophthalmic anatomy, such as small eyeball, short eye axis, narrow-angle, rotation of ciliary process, relatively large lens, etc[1-2,5-9]. The abnormal anatomical relationships among lens, ciliary body, and anterior vitreous lead to the ciliolenticular block and aqueous misdirection into the vitreous. The pressure in the vitreous increases and pushes the lens iris diaphragm forward, thus leading to malicious circulation and resulting in malignant glaucoma. Once a patient is diagnosed with malignant glaucoma, immediate measures must be taken to resolve the ciliolenticular block, recover the AC and reduce IOP. The medical treatment, including cycloplegic agents, IOP-lowering drops, and glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory treatment, is the initial treatment that can alleviate the disease of 50% of patients. However, as the recurrence rate is high, maintenance treatment of atropine eye drop is needed[1-2,7-9]. Chandler and Grant[10] reported for the first time on the use of pars-plana fluid aspiration to treat malignant glaucoma. This kind of operation is relatively simple, but it cannot completely resolve the ciliolenticular block. Phacoemulsification combined with anterior vitrectomy can resolve ciliolenticular block, and recreate the normal pathway of aqueous humor. It can further push the misdirected aqueous humor that flows into the vitreous cavity to circulate to the AC and drain out of the eye through a functional angle or filtering channel so as to fundamentally cure malignant glaucoma[1-2,5,7-9,11]. Our patient underwent a trabeculectomy of the right eye in another hospital. Four days postoperatively, the ophthalmodynia aggravated, the AC depth became shallower, and the IOP remained high. Then, the patient was referred to our hospital. UBM showed that the anterior angle of each quadrant was closed, the central AC was very shallow with disappeared peripheral AC, and the lens iris diaphragm moved forward. Combined with the medical history and ocular examinations, the patient was suspected of malignant glaucoma. After immediate anti-inflammatory and cycloplegic treatment, the patient’s IOP dropped to normal but ciliary detachment occured. The AC depth was deeper than that at initial when it was 0.5 CT and then disappeared onoperation day. This indicated that the dropping of IOP was caused by ciliary detachment, while the ciliolenticular block had not been disrupted. The possible reasons of ciliary detachment were analyzed as follows[12]: first, high IOP caused blood circulation disorder in the anterior part of the eye, leading to ciliary edema and inflammatory reaction; second, due to the timely treatment, the IOP rapidly dropped, and choroidal vascular leakage increased, leading to the increase of supraciliary effusion. As a result, ciliary detachment appeared. If the IOP of the patients with malignant glaucoma decreases after medical treatment while the AC does not deepen, the possibility of ciliary choroidal detachment should be ruled out. Ocular B-ultrasound and UBM examination can help for the diagnosis. In order to completely resolve the ciliolenticular block, the patient underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with zonulo-hyaloido-vitrectomy through a peripheral iridectomy. Considering the patient has 360° ciliary detachment, the puncture which was performed in the pars plana should be accurately placed to avoid puncture into the upper cavity of the ciliary. After operation, AC depth of the patients recovered to normal, the BCVA increased to 20/50, and the IOP decreased to the normal range. At the one-year follow-up, the patient’s condition was stable. In conclusion, the exact pathogenesis of malignant glaucoma can be defined as complex, being closely related to the abnormal anatomical relationship among lens, anterior vitreous, and ciliary body. Various blocking factors may simultaneously exist or appear one after another with the progress of the disease. The key to successful treatment is to remove the existing blocking factors. High IOP can cause blood circulation disorder in the anterior segment, leading to ciliary edema and inflammatory reaction, inducing ciliary detachment and reducing IOP to normal. After ciliary detachment, the AC is shallower or even disappears, and the condition deteriorates, which requires immediate surgery to restore the AC, resolve the ciliolenticular block and promote the resetting of the ciliary. Cataract phacoemulsification combined with zonulo-hyaloido-vitrectomy through a peripheral iridectomy in the treatment of malignant glaucoma has the following benefits: the AC is deeper, the IOP is stable, and the ciliary detachment is reset; it can result in improved vision in most patients. Therefore, it is an effective method for the treatment of malignant glaucoma. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors’ contributions: Xu QQ and Wang WW contributed to patient care, literature search, and writing of the report. Zhu J and Liu JR contributed to data analysis. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. Foundations: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81500719); Shaanxi Province Innovation Talents Promotion Plan (No.2018KJXX-091); Research Incubaiton of Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital) (No.BS-2). Conflicts of Interest: Xu QQ, None; Wang WW, None; Zhu J, None; Liu JR, None. Publisher Copyright: © 2018, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - We introduce a method to automatically produce large analogical clusters from smaller seed clusters of representative examples. The method is based on techniques of processing and solving analogical equations in word vector space models, i.e., word embeddings. In our experiments, we use standard data sets in English which cover different relations extending from derivational morphology (like adjective–adverb, positive–comparative forms of adjectives) or inflectional morphology (like present–past forms) to encyclopedic semantics (like country–capital relations). The analogical clusters produced by our method are shown to be of reasonably good quality, as shown by comparing human judgment against automatic NDCG@n scores. In total, they contain 8.5 times as many relevant word pairs as the seed clusters.
AB - We introduce a method to automatically produce large analogical clusters from smaller seed clusters of representative examples. The method is based on techniques of processing and solving analogical equations in word vector space models, i.e., word embeddings. In our experiments, we use standard data sets in English which cover different relations extending from derivational morphology (like adjective–adverb, positive–comparative forms of adjectives) or inflectional morphology (like present–past forms) to encyclopedic semantics (like country–capital relations). The analogical clusters produced by our method are shown to be of reasonably good quality, as shown by comparing human judgment against automatic NDCG@n scores. In total, they contain 8.5 times as many relevant word pairs as the seed clusters.
KW - Analogical clusters
KW - Analogy
KW - Word embeddings
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85055683619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85055683619&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/978-3-030-01081-2_36
DO - 10.1007/978-3-030-01081-2_36
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85055683619
SN - 9783030010805
T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
SP - 548
EP - 562
BT - Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development - 26th International Conference, ICCBR 2018, Proceedings
A2 - Cox, Michael T.
A2 - Funk, Peter
A2 - Begum, Shahina
PB - Springer Verlag
T2 - 26th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, ICCBR 2018
Y2 - 9 July 2018 through 12 July 2018
ER -