@article{ec7a2cb74adb443ca8a77cb35322806f,
title = "Proving Nontrivial Topology of Pure Bismuth by Quantum Confinement",
abstract = "The topology of pure Bi is controversial because of its very small (∼10 meV) band gap. Here we perform high-resolution angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy measurements systematically on 14-202 bilayer Bi films. Using high-quality films, we succeed in observing quantized bulk bands with energy separations down to ∼10 meV. Detailed analyses on the phase shift of the confined wave functions precisely determine the surface and bulk electronic structures, which unambiguously show nontrivial topology. The present results not only prove the fundamental property of Bi but also introduce a capability of the quantum-confinement approach.",
author = "S. Ito and B. Feng and M. Arita and A. Takayama and Liu, {R. Y.} and T. Someya and Chen, {W. C.} and T. Iimori and H. Namatame and M. Taniguchi and Cheng, {C. M.} and Tang, {S. J.} and F. Komori and K. Kobayashi and Chiang, {T. C.} and I. Matsuda",
note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge Y. Ohtsubo, K. Yaji, K. Kuroda Y. Ishida, S. Yamamoto, and P. Zhang for valuable discussions. We also thank C.-H. Lin, D.-X. Lin, and F.-Z. Xiao for their experimental help. The ARPES measurements were performed with the approval of the Proposal Assessing Committee of HSRC (Proposal No. 15-A-38) and the Proposal Assessing Committee of NSRRC (Project No. 2015-2-090-1). T.-C. C. acknowledges support by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1305583. S. I. was supported by JSPS through Program for Leading Graduate Schools (ALPS). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 American Physical Society.",
year = "2016",
month = dec,
day = "2",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.236402",
language = "English",
volume = "117",
journal = "Physical Review Letters",
issn = "0031-9007",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "23",
}