Simulated flood forces on a building due to the storm surge by Typhoon Haiyan

Haiyan in 2013 was one of the most powerful typhoons to have affected the Philippines, devastating in its path a wide portion of Leyte, and causing extensive damage to structures in Tacloban City. To understand the likely impacts that would be exerted by a storm surge on a structure deemed important, the authors used a coupled model that hindcasted the flooding that took place during Haiyan. This coupled model included the use of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (with Bogussing scheme) to simulate the atmospheric conditions during the passage of Haiyan, the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM) to simulate the storm surge and obtain the boundary conditions for the wind and flood (hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, and breaking wave), and the Structural Analysis and Designing Program (STAAD.Pro) to calculate the corresponding axial, shear, and bending moment envelopes based on the storm surge simulation. A 4-floor public school building in Tacloban was modeled and the effects that the storm surge would have on a corner column were analyzed. Based on the results, the axial, shear, and moment at the corner column significantly increased when considering flood loads, indicating the importance of including such loads in the design of essential structures.