Structural optimization using function-oriented elements to support conceptual designs

This paper presents a new structural optimization method that supports decision-making processes to obtain innovative designs at the conceptual design phase. This method is developed based on structural and function-oriented elements, such as frame and panel elements that have specific functions. For each of the frame elements, the rotational angle denoting the principal direction of the second moment of inertia is included as a design variable, and a procedure to obtain the optimal angle is derived from Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. For the panel elements, two types of panel elements are introduced based the assumed stress method. Several examples are provided to show the utility of the methodology presented here for mechanical design engineers.