The combined associations of social participation and support with self-rated health and dietary satisfaction in men with spinal cord injury

Study Design:Cross-sectional study.Objectives:(1) To examine the association between social participation (SP) and social support (SS) with self-rated health and dietary satisfaction and (2) to explore the joint association and interactions of SP and SS with self-rated health and dietary satisfaction in community-dwelling adult men with spinal cord injury.Setting:Members of the Spinal Injuries Japan organization.Methods:We sent questionnaires to 2731 registered members of Spinal Injuries Japan via mail. Responses from 625 men aged ≥40 years were analyzed. Respondents were categorized into four groups: SP/sufficient SS, SP/insufficient SS, no SP/sufficient SS and no SP/insufficient SS. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the odds ratios for self-rated health and dietary satisfaction according to the SP/SS categories.Results:Relative to participants in the no SP/insufficient SS category, those in the SP/sufficient SS group demonstrated significantly better self-rated health and dietary satisfaction after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. There was no interaction between SP and SS in self-rated health or dietary satisfaction. SP was associated with high self-rated health without SS, and sufficient SS was associated with high dietary satisfaction without SP.Conclusions:Relative to other groups, participants with SP/sufficient SS demonstrated higher self-rated health and dietary satisfaction. Sufficient SS was associated with high dietary satisfaction without SP. This study suggested the importance of addressing aspects of both SP and SS using self-rated health and dietary satisfaction as outcome measures in health promotion programs.