TY - JOUR
T1 - The fundamental groups of one-dimensional spaces and spatial homomorphisms
AU - Eda, Katsuya
PY - 2002/9/30
Y1 - 2002/9/30
N2 - Let X be a one-dimensional metric space and ℍ be the Hawaiian earring.(1) Each homomorphism from π1(ℍ) to π1(X) is induced from a continuous map up to the base-point-change isomorphism on π1(X).(2) Let X be a one-dimensional Peano continuum. Then X has the same homotopy type as that of ℍ if and only if π1(X) is isomorphic to π1(ℍ), if and only if X has a unique point at which X is not semi-locally simply connected. (3) Let X and Y be one-dimensional Peano continua which are not semi-locally simply connected at any point. Then, X and Y are homeomorphic if and only if π1(X) and π1(Y) are isomorphic. Moreover, each isomorphism from π1(X) to π1(Y) is induced by a homeomorphism from X to Y up to the base-point-change-isomorphism.
AB - Let X be a one-dimensional metric space and ℍ be the Hawaiian earring.(1) Each homomorphism from π1(ℍ) to π1(X) is induced from a continuous map up to the base-point-change isomorphism on π1(X).(2) Let X be a one-dimensional Peano continuum. Then X has the same homotopy type as that of ℍ if and only if π1(X) is isomorphic to π1(ℍ), if and only if X has a unique point at which X is not semi-locally simply connected. (3) Let X and Y be one-dimensional Peano continua which are not semi-locally simply connected at any point. Then, X and Y are homeomorphic if and only if π1(X) and π1(Y) are isomorphic. Moreover, each isomorphism from π1(X) to π1(Y) is induced by a homeomorphism from X to Y up to the base-point-change-isomorphism.
KW - Fundamental group
KW - Hawaiian earring
KW - One-dimensional
KW - Spatial homomorphism
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U2 - 10.1016/S0166-8641(01)00214-0
DO - 10.1016/S0166-8641(01)00214-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0038690246
SN - 0166-8641
VL - 123
SP - 479
EP - 505
JO - Topology and its Applications
JF - Topology and its Applications
IS - 3
ER -