Thermal unit scheduling for CO₂ reduction including wind power and electric vehicles

In this paper, we present a method to determine unit commitment schedules, while considering CO₂ emissions and costs along with the frequency regulation capability of the units, in order tomitigate fluctuations in wind power. We developed an extended procedure that obtains a trade-off solution of cost versus CO₂ emissions, including a significant wind power penetration, and developed Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) as additional reserves. The proposed method was tested on a 10-unit, 24-hour model system using the estimated wind power curve derived from an actual wind farm. The results, such as shadow prices of CO₂ obtained using the trade-off analysis, may provide a basis of evaluating the equivalent cost of wind farms and PEVs, and their contributions to CO₂ reduction.