Transmission and distribution losses minimization using hierarchy control method of transmission system circuit breakers and distribution system switches for various PV penetration cases

Distribution system has huge number of configuration candidates because the network configuration is determined by state of many sectionalizing switches (SW: opened or closed) installed in terms of keeping power quality, reliability and so on. Transmission system also has huge number of configuration candidates and circuit breakers (CB: opened or closed) as same objective as distribution system. Since feeder current and voltage depend on the network configuration, losses of transmission and distribution systems can be reduced by controlling states of CB and SW. So far, various methods to determine the loss minimum configuration of transmission and distribution systems have been researched. However, a method that hierarchically determines the loss minimum configuration of transmission and distribution system with PV has not been proposed. In addition, power flow of whole system is changed by various PV penetration distribution patterns. Therefore, transmission and distribution losses must be evaluated in various PV penetration cases. In this paper, a hierarchy control method to determine a transmission and distribution loss minimum network configuration by controlling on-off states of CB and SW is proposed. The validity of the proposed method is evaluated to calculate the reduction of whole network loss in a transmission and distribution model with 48 CB and 1404 SW in two kinds of PV penetration cases.